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The occurrence of gene duplication/amplification (GDA) provide potential material for adaptive evolution with environmental stress. Several molecular models have been proposed to explain GDA, recombination via short stretches of sequence similarity plays a crucial role. By screening genomes for such events, we propose a "SRS (short repeated sequence) *N + unit + SRS*N" amplified unit under USCE (unequal sister-chromatid exchange) for tandem amplification mediated by SRS with different repeat numbers in eukaryotes. The amplified units identified from 2131 well-organized amplification events that generate multi gene/element copy amplified with subsequent adaptive evolution in the respective species. Genomic data we analyzed showed dynamic changes among related species or subspecies or plants from different ecotypes/strains. This study clarifies the characteristics of variable copy number SRS on both sides of amplified unit under USCE mechanism, to explain well-organized gene tandem amplification under environmental stress mediated by SRS in all eukaryotes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06250-3 | DOI Listing |
J Forensic Sci
September 2025
DNA and Biology Laboratory, Division of Identification and Forensic Science (DIFS), Israel Police, Jerusalem, Israel.
Short tandem repeat (STR) analysis is the cornerstone of forensic human identification due to its high discriminatory power and robustness. A concordance study was conducted to evaluate allele call consistency between two STR multiplex kits: PowerPlex® ESI 16 Fast (Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, USA) and Investigator®24plex GO! Kit (QIAGEN GmbH, Hilden, Germany). A total of 2000 buccal FTA cards (Whatman™ Flinders Technology Associates, Cytiva, Marlborough, MA, USA) samples previously typed with the PowerPlex® ESI 16 Fast Kit were re-analyzed using the Investigator® 24plex GO! Kit.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Chem Biol
August 2025
Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Small peptide tags offer advantages as their compact size reduces target protein interference, making them valuable for labeling endogenous proteins. However, the lack of inherent fluorescence poses challenges for post-genome knockin monoclonal clone screening. Here we report an adaptable approach leveraging antigen-stabilizing fluorescent protein-fused nanobodies (Nbs) to selectively illuminate cells with successful ALFA tag knockins, streamlining high-throughput cell screening using fluorescence-activated cell sorting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFForensic Sci Int Genet
August 2025
Department of Legal Medicine, Division of Preventive & Social Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
Short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping is primarily used for human identification in various forensic biological samples. However, samples collected from crime scenes or mass disasters are often exposed to environmental factors that cause considerable DNA degradation. As a result, degraded DNA yields significantly less polymorphic information than non-degraded DNA due to a reduction in the effective copy number of STR loci available for amplification.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Synth Biol
August 2025
Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
Rational engineering strategies that seek to harness the remarkable diversity of microbial metabolism can be limited by incomplete biological knowledge. As described here, a novel approach to address this challenge involved replacing a native pathway for degrading lignin-derived aromatic compounds via cleavage of protocatechuate in ADP1 with a foreign -cleavage pathway that uses different enzymes, metabolites, and redox carriers. This alteration may improve lignin valorization and coordinate catabolism with bioproduction strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Legal Med
August 2025
Forensic Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, Brescia, 25123, Italy.
Paternity testing is a well-established application of forensic genetics, generally providing accurate results based on inheritance laws. However, in rare cases, genetic anomalies may arise, complicating the interpretation of DNA profiles and requiring careful evaluation. In this study, we describe a paternity case involving a rare tri-allelic pattern observed at the CSF1PO locus.
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