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Metal additive manufacturing techniques are frequently applied to the manufacturing of injection molds with a conformal cooling channel (CCC) in order to shorten the cooling time in the injection molding process. Reducing the cooling time in the cooling stage is essential to reducing the energy consumption in mass production. However, the distinct disadvantages include higher manufacturing costs and longer processing time in the fabrication of injection mold with CCC. Rapid tooling technology (RTT) is a widely utilized technology to shorten mold development time in the mold industry. In principle, the cooling time of injection molded products is affected by both injection mold material and coolant medium. However, little work has been carried out to investigate the effects of different mold materials and coolant media on the cooling performance of epoxy-based injection molds quantitatively. In this study, the effects of four different coolant media on the cooling performance of ten sets of injection molds fabricated with different mixtures were investigated experimentally. It was found that cooling water with ultrafine bubble is the best cooling medium based on the cooling efficiency of the injection molded parts (since the cooling efficiency is increased further by about 12.4% compared to the conventional cooling water). Mold material has a greater influence on the cooling efficiency than the cooling medium, since cooling time range of different mold materials is 99 s while the cooling time range for different cooling media is 92 s. Based on the total production cost of injection mold and cooling efficiency, the epoxy resin filled with 41 vol.% aluminum powder is the optimal formula for making an injection mold since saving in the total production cost about 24% is obtained compared to injection mold made with commercially available materials.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14020280 | DOI Listing |
Sud Med Ekspert
January 2025
Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia.
Objective: To develop and implement a method for determining the postmortem interval and the marginal errors of its estimates under conditions of linearly varying external temperature in the format of an online application.
Material And Methods: A computer-assissted numerical search for the absolute minimum point of the objective function obtained from a system of nonlinear equations reflecting the results of double rectal or cranioencephalic thermometry of a corpse under conditions of linearly varying external temperature was carried out. The search algorithm was generalized to possible marginal errors in measuring the initial indicators of temperature and time.
Front Public Health
September 2025
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
The frequency and severity of heat waves are expected to worsen with climate change. Exposure to extreme heat, or prolonged unusually high temperatures, are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The fetus, infant, and young child are more sensitive to higher temperatures than older children and most adults given that they are rapidly developing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Soc Mass Spectrom
September 2025
Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, Indiana 47405.
In charge detection mass spectrometry (CD-MS) ions are trapped in an electrostatic linear ion trap (ELIT) where they oscillate back and forth through a conducting cylinder. The oscillating ions induce a periodic charge separation that is detected by a charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) connected to the cylinder. The resulting time domain signal is analyzed using short-time Fourier transforms to give the mass-to-charge ratio and charge for each ion, which are then multiplied to give the mass.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Pollut Res Int
September 2025
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
The significant global energy consumption strongly emphasizes the crucial role of net-zero or green structures in ensuring a sustainable future. Considering this aspect, incorporating thermal insulation materials into building components is a well-accepted method that helps to enhance thermal comfort in buildings. Furthermore, integrating architectural components made from solid refuse materials retrieved from the environment can have significant environmental benefits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEquine Vet J
September 2025
Sharjah Equine Hospital, Sharjah, UAE.
Background: Vitrified embryos ≤300 μm give better pregnancy rates following warming and transfer than larger ones. Embryo recovery undertaken close to when the embryo enters the uterus (Day 6-6.5) helps in the recovery of embryos ≤300 μm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF