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With the demand for accurately recognizing human actions and environmental situations, multifunctional sensors are essential elements for smart applications in various emerging technologies, such as smart robots, human-machine interface, and wearable electronics. Low-dimensional materials provide fertile soil for multifunction-integrated devices. This review focuses on the multifunctional sensors for mechanical stimulus and environmental information, such as strain, pressure, light, temperature, and gas, which are fabricated from low-dimensional materials. The material characteristics, device architecture, transmission mechanisms, and sensing functions are comprehensively and systematically introduced. Besides multiple sensing functions, the integrated potential ability of supplying energy and expressing and storing information are also demonstrated. Some new process technologies and emerging research areas are highlighted. It is presented that optimization of device structures, appropriate material selection for synergy effect, and application of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics are effective approaches for constructing and improving the performance of multifunctional sensors. Finally, the current challenges and direction of future development are proposed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21227727 | DOI Listing |
Adv Colloid Interface Sci
September 2025
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Ontario, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:
This review describes new strategies in the use of multifunctional organic alkalizers (OA) for the fabrication of advanced functional materials. OA facilitate solubilization and delivery of poorly solubilized drugs through the formation of drug-OA complexes and supramolecular gels. OA are applied for the synthesis of materials for biomedical, energy storage, catalytic, photovoltaic, sensor, and electronic applications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Colloid Interface Sci
September 2025
Research Center of Nano Science and Technology, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China. Electronic address:
Ionic conductive hydrogels show promise for flexible sensors in wearables and e-skins, but balancing mechanical strength with high conductivity remains challenging. Herein, a triple-network ionic conductive hydrogel based on poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was developed, synergistically reinforced by dissolved cellulose (dCel) and aramid nanofibers (ANF), with Al/Zn bimetallic ions serving as the conductive medium. Intriguingly, dCel was in-situ generated using the concentrated Al/Zn bimetallic salt solutions as the cellulose solvent, following the complete dissolution of the pulp fibers driven by the intensive ionic hydration of Al/Zn ions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiosens Bioelectron
September 2025
School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China. Electronic address:
The practical implementation of wearable sensing devices for human health monitoring requires significant advancements in lightweight design and multifunctional integration. Fiber-shaped sensors have attracted considerable research attention due to their ability to maintain exceptional sensitivity and measurement accuracy under various mechanical deformations, including bending, stretching, and torsion. Nevertheless, the functional integration remains constrained, particularly as evidenced by sensitivity degradation and device failure under extreme high-temperature conditions, which severely hinders their practical applicability for real-time health monitoring applications in complex environmental scenarios.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLangmuir
September 2025
Department of Light Chemical Engineering, School of Textiles Science and Engineering; Key Laboratory of Special Protective, Ministry of Education; Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China.
Polymerizable deep eutectic solvents (PDES) have recently emerged as a class of solvent-free ionically conductive elastomers and are considered among the most feasible candidates for next-generation ionotronic devices. However, the fundamental challenge persists in synergistically combining high mechanical strength, robust adhesion, reliable self-healing capacity, and effective antimicrobial performance within a unified material system capable of fulfilling the rigorous operational demands of next-generation ionotronic devices across multifunctional applications. Inspired by the hierarchical structure of spider silk, HCAG eutectogels composed of acrylic acid (AA), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), and choline chloride (ChCl) were successfully synthesized via a one-step photopolymerization method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMater Today Bio
October 2025
University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taborska Ulica 8, SI-2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
Catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most frequent healthcare associated infection, arising from microbial adhesion to catheter surfaces, biofilm development, and the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance. Many publications have addressed CAUTI epidemiology, biofilm biology, or biomaterials for catheters in isolation, yet there is little literature that connects these areas into a coherent translational perspective. This review seeks to fill that gap by combining an overview of biofilm pathophysiology with recent advances in material based innovations for catheter design, including nanostructured and responsive coatings, sensor enabled systems, additive manufacturing, and three dimensional printing.
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