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Despite substantial conservation efforts, the loss of ecosystems continues globally, along with related declines in species and nature's contributions to people. An effective ecosystem goal, supported by clear milestones, targets and indicators, is urgently needed for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework and beyond to support biodiversity conservation, the UN Sustainable Development Goals and efforts to abate climate change. Here, we describe the scientific foundations for an ecosystem goal and milestones, founded on a theory of change, and review available indicators to measure progress. An ecosystem goal should include three core components: area, integrity and risk of collapse. Targets-the actions that are necessary for the goals to be met-should address the pathways to ecosystem loss and recovery, including safeguarding remnants of threatened ecosystems, restoring their area and integrity to reduce risk of collapse and retaining intact areas. Multiple indicators are needed to capture the different dimensions of ecosystem area, integrity and risk of collapse across all ecosystem types, and should be selected for their fitness for purpose and relevance to goal components. Science-based goals, supported by well-formulated action targets and fit-for-purpose indicators, will provide the best foundation for reversing biodiversity loss and sustaining human well-being.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01538-5 | DOI Listing |
Ecol Lett
September 2025
Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Animal migration remains poorly understood for many organisms, impeding understanding of movement dynamics and limiting conservation actions. We develop a framework that scales from movements of individuals to the dynamics of continental migration using data synthesis of endogenous markers, which we apply to three North American bat species with unexplained high rates of fatalities at wind energy facilities. The two species experiencing the highest fatality rates exhibit a "pell-mell" migration strategy in which individuals move from summer habitats in multiple directions, both to higher and lower latitudes, during autumn.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFmBio
September 2025
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
The One Health Joint Plan of Action (2022-2026), developed by the United Nations Quadripartite (FAO, UNEP, WHO, and WOAH), provides a comprehensive framework to address global health risks at the human-animal-plant-environment interface. However, it overlooks the critical role of microbiomes-complex microbial communities that underpin the health of all ecosystems and are central to the One Health paradigm. Microbiomes regulate key processes, such as nutrient cycling, pathogen suppression, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) dynamics, and environmental resilience, making their inclusion essential for achieving One Health goals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Nutr
September 2025
Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 715 Sumter Street, CLS 513C, SC 29208, USA.
Human activities contribute to large shifts in the global climate, with far-reaching impacts on ecosystems, societies, and human health. Modern food systems-designed to produce convenience foods that tend to have high inflammatory potential-exacerbate environmental degradation and shape the interwoven challenges of climate, nutrition, and health. Over the past three decades, extreme weather has worsened and poor diets have led to more inflammation-related health problems-two parallel trends that are exposing system-wide weaknesses and harming global health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Plant Physiol
September 2025
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy.
Weeds are one of the major constraints for wheat productivity, causing significant yield losses worldwide. While chemical control is the most used practice to overcome weed damage, its efficacy is challenged by increasing weed resistance to most used herbicides, which is an expanding phenomenon caused by herbicide overuse/misuse. Modern wheat varieties are less able to perceive the presence of weeds than old varieties and are therefore less competitive against them and require chemical control to ensure adequate yields.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Monit Assess
September 2025
School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India.
Soil green algae play a crucial role in terrestrial ecosystems and enhance soil health. However, research on algal diversity and ecology in crop field soils, particularly in untilled perennial tree plantations, is scarce, and the factors influencing algal contributions to soil health and fertility management are not well understood. Therefore, an extensive study was conducted on the ecology and diversity of green algae in rubber crop plantations in South India, spanning diverse agroclimatic zones, soil orders, soil series, and seasons.
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