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The COVID-19 pandemic was caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. To prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, an effective vaccine is required. Two linear peptides from potential B-cell epitopes in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (a.a. 440-460; a.a. 494-506) were synthesized and used to immunize rabbits. High-titer antibodies of IgG were produced, purified, and verified by Western blot analysis. Antibodies against these two epitopes could effectively neutralize SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviral particles with the spike proteins from not only the original strain (basal; wild-type), but also a strain with a single point mutation (D614G), and two other emerging variants (the Alpha and Beta variants) prevalent around the world, but not from SARS-CoV. In conclusion, antibodies against these two epitopes are protective. This information is important for the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8308897 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070869 | DOI Listing |
Open Forum Infect Dis
September 2025
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Plasma samples obtained approximately 3 ( = 100) and 12 months ( = 78) after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection were tested for S1, spike, and N antigens. There were no significant differences in plasma proteins or single-cell protein expression levels on immune cells between those with and without plasma antigen detected.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirology
September 2025
Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
New SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge and may cause new waves of COVID-19. Antibody evasion is a major driver of variant emergence but variants can also exhibit altered capacity to enter lung cells and to use ACE2 species orthologues for cell entry. Here, we assessed cell line tropism, usage of ACE2 orthologues and antibody evasion of variant MC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccine
September 2025
College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan 430200, China. Electronic address:
The spillover and spillback of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) between humans and animals, especially companion animals, threaten global public health security. However, risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 variants infecting companion animals and the development of corresponding prevention and control technologies are lacking. The aim of this study is to assess the potential risk of enhancement of the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in cats owing to mutations at key sites within the spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) region and develop an efficient vaccine to cross-neutralize high-risk SARS-CoV-2 variants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Chem Chem Phys
September 2025
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
The COVID-19 pandemic remains a global health crisis, with successive SARS-CoV-2 variants exhibiting enhanced transmissibility and immune evasion. Notably, the Omicron variant harbors extensive mutations in the spike protein's receptor-binding domain (RBD), altering viral fitness. While temperature is a critical environmental factor modulating viral stability and transmission, its molecular-level effects on variant-specific RBD-human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) interactions remain underexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfluenza Other Respir Viruses
September 2025
Department of Medical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.
Objectives: This study compared the diagnostic accuracy of seven different commercial serological assays for COVID-19, using RT-PCR as the gold standard, through meta-analysis and indirect comparison.
Methods: Fifty-seven studies, published from November 2019 to June 2024, were included. The diagnostic performance of IgA, IgG, and total antibody assays for SARS-CoV-2 was assessed.