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Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an extremely critical hydrolase tightly associated with neurological diseases. Currently, developing specific substrates for imaging AChE activity still remains a great challenge due to the interference from butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and carboxylesterase (CE). Herein, we propose an approach to designing specific substrates for AChE detection by combining dimethylcarbamate choline with a self-immolative scaffold. The representative can effectively eliminate the interference from CE and BChE. The high specificity of has been proved imaging AChE activity in cells. Moreover, can also be used to successfully map AChE activity in different regions of a normal mouse brain, which may provide important data for AChE evaluation in clinical studies. Such a rational and effective approach can also provide a solid basis for designing probes with different properties to study AChE in biosystems and another way to design specific substrates for other enzymes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sc04213g | DOI Listing |
Biochemistry
September 2025
Loyola University Chicago, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States.
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase 1B (DHOD1B) is one of several flavoproteins that utilize active half-sites. These enzymes have two flavin cofactors (FAD and FMN) that each interact with a specific reductant/oxidant substrate/product. Electrons gained at one-half-site must be transmitted to the other half-site and iron-sulfur centers between the flavin cofactors serve in this role.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Surg Oncol
September 2025
Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
Purpose: We reviewed recent advancements in the characterization of intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm (IOPN) of the pancreas, with a specific focus on developments in immunohistochemical markers, molecular pathology, and pathogenic mechanisms over the past ten years (2015-2024). Through comprehensive analysis of current literature, we aimed to elucidate the evolving understanding of IOPN's biological behavior and diagnostic features, while identifying potential areas for future research in this distinctive pancreatic neoplasm.
Methods: English-language articles on IOPN were searched from Pubmed from the first report of IOPN of the pancreas in 2015 to 2024.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res
September 2025
University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Metal Homeostasis, 1 Miecznikowa Str., 02-096, Warszawa, Poland. Electronic address:
The Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Proteins (NRAMPs) are membrane-targeted transporters with low substrate specificity, that mediate the import (translocation to the cytoplasm) of metals, mainly essential nutrients, e.g. iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu) or nickel (Ni).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biol Chem
September 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802; Center for Structural Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802; Center for RNA Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802. Electronic address:
Despite the overall conservation of ribosomes across all domains of life, differences in their 3D architecture, rRNA sequences, ribosomal protein composition, and translation factor requirements reflect lineage-specific adaptations to environmental niches. In the domain Archaea, structural studies have primarily focused on non-methanogenic thermophiles and halophiles, leaving it unclear whether these represent the broader archaeal domain. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the ribosome from Methanosarcina acetivorans, a previously unreported high-resolution structure from a model mesophilic methanogenic archaeon.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Pollut
September 2025
Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geog
Tire microplastics (TMPs) represent a major contributor to microplastic pollution, posing threats to aquatic ecosystems. As carbon-rich substrates, TMPs influence microbial colonization and ecological functions. This study investigates the impacts of pristine (P-TMPs) and scrap (S-TMPs) TMPs from the same brand on microbial communities within the tire-plastisphere.
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