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This study aimed to describe the anatomic features of the normal head of the Komodo dragon () identified by computed tomography. CT images were obtained in two dragons using a helical CT scanner. All sections were displayed with a bone and soft tissue windows setting. Head reconstructed, and maximum intensity projection images were obtained to enhance bony structures. After CT imaging, the images were compared with other studies and reptile anatomy textbooks to facilitate the interpretation of the CT images. Anatomic details of the head of the Komodo dragon were identified according to the CT density characteristics of the different organic tissues. This information is intended to be a useful initial anatomic reference in interpreting clinical CT imaging studies of the head and associated structures in live Komodo dragons.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041078 | DOI Listing |
J Neurol Sci
August 2025
Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA. Electronic address:
Background: Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a terminal, rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorder associated with debilitating comorbidities. However, limited real-world data on clinical outcomes associated with FRDA have been presented.
Methods: The Komodo Research Data (01/2016-03/2023) was used to identify patients with FRDA who had ≥2 independent non-diagnostic early-onset cerebellar ataxia codes, 1 non-diagnostic FRDA specific code, and ≥12 months of continuous enrollment before and after the index date (defined as a random date with FRDA diagnosis).
Neurol Ther
June 2025
Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Introduction: With the advent of disease-modifying therapies for early Alzheimer's disease (AD), a comprehensive characterization of patients initiating lecanemab in the USA is needed to understand its use in real-world settings.
Methods: This retrospective observational study used administrative claims from the Komodo Research Database (1/1/2023-6/30/2024). Eligible patients had ≥ 1 lecanemab administration (first claim defined the index date) and ≥ 12 months of clinical activity/insurance eligibility before the index date.
J Dev Biol
March 2025
Department of Natural Sciences, Daemen University, Amherst, NY 14226, USA.
Stressors such as injuries, embryonic instability during development, and higher levels of stress hormones such as testosterone can result in increases in fluctuating asymmetry in reptiles and other vertebrates. Digit asymmetry, digit ratio variability, and skull trait asymmetry such as eye and jaw size have been correlated with stress level in both snakes and lizards. Teeth asymmetry has also been used as a biomarker for stress and brain laterality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Morphol
January 2025
Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
The skin of the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) is covered by a form of armour formed mainly of scales, which often co-occur with osteoderms. Scales are keratinized, non-mineralized structures in the uppermost layer of the epidermis that are in contact with each other to form a system in which individual scales are isolated from each other by a softer skin fold zone. In the Varanus, the surface of the scales is flat and smooth (thoracic limb, abdomen, and tail areas), domed and smooth (head area) or domed with conical ornamentation (dorsal surface, pelvic limb-dorsal surface areas).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Endocrinol Metab
February 2025
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Context: Thyroid eye disease (TED) negatively affects quality of life. TED occurs predominantly in Graves' disease (GD). Teprotumumab improves TED but concern for hearing adverse events (AEs) has emerged.
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