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A new life begins with the unification of the maternal and paternal chromosomes upon fertilization. The parental chromosomes first become enclosed in two separate pronuclei near the surface of the fertilized egg. The mechanisms that then move the pronuclei inwards for their unification are only poorly understood in mammals. Here, we report two mechanisms that act in concert to unite the parental genomes in fertilized mouse eggs. The male pronucleus assembles within the fertilization cone and is rapidly moved inwards by the flattening cone. Rab11a recruits the actin nucleation factors Spire and Formin-2 into the fertilization cone, where they locally nucleate actin and further accelerate the pronucleus inwards. In parallel, a dynamic network of microtubules assembles that slowly moves the male and female pronuclei towards the cell centre in a dynein-dependent manner. Both mechanisms are partially redundant and act in concert to unite the parental pronuclei in the zygote's centre.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21020-x | DOI Listing |
World Neurosurg
September 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY.
Objective: Mentorship and training relationships shape the careers and influence of neurosurgeons. Network analysis can reveal structural characteristics and key individuals who support network connectivity and drive the field's development. This endeavor analyzed the US-based neurosurgical training network derived from NeurosurGen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Public Health
September 2025
Department of Health Care Management, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
Background: Bullying remains a critical issue affecting the well-being, academic performance, and long-term development of school-aged children. This study documents the participatory development of a Comprehensive School Anti-Bullying Logic Model in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Methods: Utilizing a multi-method process consisting of stakeholders' interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), group workshops, and a scoping review-the study sought to construct a culturally sensitive and actionable anti-bullying logic model.
J Int AIDS Soc
September 2025
Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Introduction: We previously published a systematic review evaluating retention in care after antiretroviral therapy initiation among adults in low- and middle-income countries from 2008 to 2013. This review evaluates retention after the implementation of Universal Test and Treat (UTT) in 2015.
Methods: We searched PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and EMBASE for studies published 1 January 2017, through 31 December 2024 and searched conference abstract repositories from AIDS, IAS and CROI from 2015 to 2024.
Mucosal Immunol
September 2025
Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (BRIC-inStem), GKVK-Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560065, India. Electronic address:
Epithelial linings at mucosal sites act in concert with resident immune cells to direct host defense. The epithelial lining of the urethra is an understudied mucosal barrier with emerging roles in antimicrobial defense during urinary tract infections. Here, we present a comprehensive cellular atlas of the adult female mouse urethra, focusing on epithelial and resident immune cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.
Albomycins are unusual sulfur-containing nucleosides from the species of that exhibit potent antibiotic activities against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including clinical pathogens. Previous studies demonstrated that the twitch radical SAM enzyme AbmM catalyzes an oxidative sulfur-for-oxygen swapping reaction converting CDP to a 4'-hydroxy-4'-thiocytidine 5'-diphosphate intermediate in the initial step of albomycin biosynthesis. However, the fate of this intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway has remained elusive.
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