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Article Abstract
Fungal effectors play important roles in host-pathogen interactions. is an ascomycetous fungus that is responsible for the diseases of hundreds of woody plant species, including apple ring rot, which seriously affects apples worldwide. However, little is known about the effectors of . In this study, we analyzed the genome and predicted 320 candidate effector genes, 124 of which were successfully amplified and cloned. We investigated the effects of these genes on plant cell death in while using a transient expression system. Twenty-four hours after initial inoculation with cells carrying candidate effectors, the infiltrated leaves were challenged with cells carrying the gene. In total, 116 candidate effectors completely inhibited, while one partially inhibited, the programmed cell death (PCD) of induced by BAX, whereas seven candidate effectors had no effect. We then further tested seven candidate effectors able to suppress BAX-triggered PCD (BT-PCD) and found that they all completely inhibited PCD triggered by the elicitors INF1, MKK1, and NPK1. This result suggests that these effectors were activated in order to suppress pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity. The signal peptides of these candidate effectors exhibited secretory activity in yeast (pSUC2 vector). Moreover, the respective deletion of and significantly reduced the virulence of . These results suggest that these effectors play important roles in the interaction of with its hosts.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7826910 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020552 | DOI Listing |
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