A Population-Based Study of Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Following Cataract Surgery.

Purpose: To determine if there is an increased incidence rate of post-cataract surgery (pcs) anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) compared to spontaneous AION (sAION).

Design: Retrospective, population-based cohort.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with AION from January 1, 1990, through December 31, 2016, while residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Patients with cataract surgery preceding AION were included in the pcsAION cohort defined in 2 ways: AION within 2 months and AION within 1 year of cataract surgery. The incidence rates of pcsAION and sAION were compared using Poisson regression models.

Results: During the study period, 102 residents developed AION. The median age was 65 years (range, 40-90 years), 44 (43.1%) were female. Twenty of 102 (19.6%) patients had previous cataract surgery, of which 2 and 9 developed AION within 2 months and 1 year of surgery, respectively. The annual incidence rate of pcsAION within 2 months of surgery (8.6 per 100,000) was not significantly greater than the annual incidence rate of sAION (6.9 per 100,000; P = .78). However, the annual incidence rate of pcsAION within 1 year of surgery (38.9 per 100,000) was significantly higher than the incidence rate of sAION (6.5 per 100,000; P < .001).

Conclusion: The incidence of AION is increased in the first year after cataract surgery, but not in the early (i.e., 2 months) postoperative period.