Photon-Counting Detector CT: Promise of a New Era.

Photon-counting detector CT is an emerging technology that has the promise to dramatically transform clinical practice. It largely overcomes the limitations of traditional CT, offering ultra-high spatial resolution, suppression of metallic artifact, and reduced radiation dose. We report the case of a 44-year-old patient presenting with gaze-evoked vision loss and history of a retained orbital foreign body.

Optic Nerve and Optic Nerve Sheath Biopsy Indications and Outcomes.

Background: This study describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic yield, and outcomes of patients who have undergone optic nerve or nerve sheath biopsies.

Methods: A total of 72 patients undergoing an optic nerve or optic nerve sheath biopsy at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Jacksonville, FL; or Scottsdale, AZ were included. Patients were identified by searching the pathology database between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2023.

Neuro-ophthalmic outcomes after carotid intervention for ocular symptoms.

Background: The long-term neuro-ophthalmic outcomes after carotid intervention in patients presenting with preoperative visual symptoms vary widely based on the underlying etiology of retinal ischemia and are not well understood.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients presenting with retinal ischemia who subsequently underwent carotid intervention from January 2018 to December 2022. Patients were classified into three groups (group I: amaurosis fugax/vascular transient monocular vision loss, group II: ocular ischemic syndrome [OIS], and group III: central/branch retinal artery occlusion).

Appropriateness of Ophthalmology Recommendations From an Online Chat-Based Artificial Intelligence Model.

Objective: To determine the appropriateness of ophthalmology recommendations from an online chat-based artificial intelligence model to ophthalmology questions.

Patients And Methods: Cross-sectional qualitative study from April 1, 2023, to April 30, 2023. A total of 192 questions were generated spanning all ophthalmic subspecialties.

A Comparative Study of Large Language Models, Human Experts, and Expert-Edited Large Language Models to Neuro-Ophthalmology Questions.

Background: While large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in medicine, their effectiveness compared with human experts remains unclear. This study evaluates the quality and empathy of Expert + AI, human experts, and LLM responses in neuro-ophthalmology.

Methods: This randomized, masked, multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2023.

Ocular Neuromyotonia: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Outcomes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical features, management, outcomes, and diagnostic pitfalls in a large series of patients with ocular neuromyotonia.

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with ocular neuromyotonia from January 1, 2004, through January 1, 2023, seen at one of the 3 Mayo Clinic sites in Rochester, MN, Scottsdale, AZ, and Jacksonville, FL, comprised the study population.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings and Genetic Testing Results in Children With Congenital Corneal Opacities.

Purpose: This study investigates brain and globe abnormalities identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with congenital corneal opacities (CCO).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Clinical notes, radiology records, and genetic testing results were reviewed for patients diagnosed with corneal opacification within the first 6 months of life at a tertiary referral academic center between August 2008 and January 2018.

Incidence and distribution of ocular disorders in the first year of life.

Purpose: To describe the incidence and distribution of eye diseases affecting children in the first year of life in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Methods: We conducted a population-based, retrospective medical record review of infants (≤1 year of age) residing in Olmsted County diagnosed with an ocular disorder from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2014.

Results: A total of 4,223 infants were diagnosed with an ocular disorder, yielding an incidence of 20,242/100,000 births per year, or 1 in 4.

Transient Bilateral Central Scotoma on Awakening: A Distinct Phenomenon.

Background: Transient vision loss can be an alarming symptom owing to potentially serious etiologies such as thromboembolism or giant cell arteritis. Transient monocular vision loss (TVML) on awakening has been recently described as a benign phenomenon (Bouffard et al, 2017). Our objective was to describe the unique phenomenon of transient binocular vision loss (TBVL) on awakening.

The 'Fault' Lies in the Choroid: Peripapillary Intrachoroidal Cavitation Presenting with Progressive Vision Loss.

A 55-year-old male was referred to the Neuro-ophthalmology clinic due to gradual onset, progressive vision loss. On fundus examination a subtle yellow-orange peripapillary lesion was detected in the left eye. Optical coherence tomography with radial scanning illustrated retinal nerve fibre layer thinning as well as an area of intrachoroidal cavitation that corresponded to the lesion.

Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of Infantile Conjunctivitis in a Western Population.

Objective: To describe the incidence and clinical characteristics of conjunctivitis in the first year of life.

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Participants: All infant (≤12 months of age) residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, diagnosed with conjunctivitis from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2014.

Accuracy of the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision for Identifying Infantile Eye Disease.

Purpose: To determine the predictive value of International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) codes for identifying infantile eye diagnoses.

Methods: Population-based retrospective cohort study of all residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota diagnosed at ≤1 year of age with an ocular disorder. The medical records of all infants diagnosed with any ocular disorder from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2014, were identified.

Anterior segment ischemia after laser for retinopathy of prematurity previously treated with antivascular endothelial growth factor.

Purpose: To assess the risk of vision-threatening anterior segment ischemia (ASI) among retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) patients treated with anti-VEGF followed by laser photocoagulation.

Methods: The medical records of all infants treated for threshold ROP with laser photocoagulation with and without prior anti-VEGF injections from January 1, 2002, through December 2018 at Mayo Clinic were retrospectively reviewed for the prevalence of vision-threatening ASI.

Results: A total of 241 eyes of 122 infants were included.

Incidence of Dementia in Patients With Open-angle Glaucoma: A Population-based Study.

Precis: In this population-based study of 509 open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients over a 36-year period, we identified a decreased rate of developing dementia compared with the rate in the general population.

Purpose: The aim was to determine the incidence of dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD) among patients with OAG.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective, population-based cohort study.

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Triggering Hemifacial Spasm.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a syndrome associated with increased intracranial pressure without a clear underlying cause that is classically seen in young women. Patients typically present with headache and ocular findings, including disc edema and, less frequently, an abduction deficit. To make a diagnosis of IIH, other than cranial nerve 6 or 7 dysfunction, patients must have a normal neurologic examination.

A Population-Based Study of Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Following Cataract Surgery.

Purpose: To determine if there is an increased incidence rate of post-cataract surgery (pcs) anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) compared to spontaneous AION (sAION).

Design: Retrospective, population-based cohort.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with AION from January 1, 1990, through December 31, 2016, while residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota.