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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00505 | DOI Listing |
Sports Med
September 2025
Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, 99 Oxford Rd, Manchester, M1 7EL, UK.
Am J Pharm Educ
September 2025
Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112. Electronic address:
The accelerating adoption of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, has raised critical questions about the role of pharmacists and the potential for AI to substitute for human expertise in pharmaceutical care. Grounded in Porter's Five Forces framework-specifically the threat of substitutes-this commentary explores whether AI can adequately fulfill the complex and relational functions of pharmacists in delivering care to patients. Drawing from foundational definitions of pharmaceutical care and economic theories of substitution, the paper examines both historical and emerging competitors to pharmacist-provided services, including physicians, nurses, and now AI-powered tools.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigher education faces growing calls to rethink traditional approaches to teaching, delivery, and assessment, driven by the evolving needs of modern learners. Today's students seek education that is flexible, personalized, and closely aligned with their career goals. Curricular flexibility supports learner-centered education, promotes adaptability, and empowers students by shifting some decision-making from faculty to learners.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAAPS J
September 2025
Precision Medicine Bioanalytical & Translational Sciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA.
CAR-T-cells can drive MHC class-I-mediated CD8 + cytotoxic T-cell response towards CAR constructs in addition to an antibody response. Immune response may also develop towards residuals present in the CAR-T cell product such as AAV, CRISPR/CAS9, and expamers. Health authorities recommend developing assays to assess both humoral and cellular immunogenicity towards the CAR-T protein.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Adv Nurs
September 2025
Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Aim: To critically reflect on the 50-year evolution of nursing in Singapore, identify pivotal milestones that have shaped the profession, and discuss strategies to address emerging challenges over the next five decades.
Background: Nursing in Singapore has evolved from a vocational, subordinate role into a respected profession grounded in higher education, evidence-based practice and leadership in clinical and policy domains. Reforms in education, professional identity, workforce development and technology have paved the way for addressing future challenges, including ageing populations, workforce sustainability, technological disruption, leadership equity and global health threats.