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Article Abstract
It has been only recently realized that topological vortices associated with structural distortions or ordered spins are rather common in numerous materials where long-range interactions are not dominant. Incommensurate modulations that frequently occur in charge density wave (CDW) materials are often understood in terms of discommensurations with a periodic phase shift. The accumulation of a one-dimensional (1D) phase shift can result in, for example, CDW dislocations in 2H-TaSe with incommensurate CDW (I-CDW). Since any atomic-scale experimental investigation of CDW dislocations in 2H-TaSe has been lacking, we have performed the atomic-scale observation of 2H-TaSe with I-CDW, stabilized with Pd intercalation or strain, with scanning probe microscopy, and unveiled the existence of topological Z or Z vortices with topologically protected 2D winding movements of atomic displacement vectors. The discovery opens the ubiquitous nature of topological vortex domains and a new avenue to explore new facets of various incommensurate modulations or discommensurations.
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