Magnetochiral tunneling in paramagnetic CoNbS.

Electric currents have the intriguing ability to induce magnetization in nonmagnetic crystals with sufficiently low crystallographic symmetry. Some associated phenomena include the non-linear anomalous Hall effect in polar crystals and the nonreciprocal directional dichroism in chiral crystals when magnetic fields are applied. In this work, we demonstrate that the same underlying physics is also manifested in the electronic tunneling process between the surface of a nonmagnetic chiral material and a magnetized scanning probe.

A distinct astrocyte subtype in the aging mouse brain characterized by impaired protein homeostasis.

The aging brain exhibits a region-specific reduction in synapse number and plasticity. Although astrocytes play central roles in regulating synapses, it is unclear how changes in astrocytes contribute to age-dependent cognitive decline and vulnerability to neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we identified a unique astrocyte subtype that exhibits dysregulated autophagy and morphology in aging hippocampus.

Anti-inflammatory clearance of amyloid-β by a chimeric Gas6 fusion protein.

Clearing amyloid-β (Aβ) through immunotherapy is one of the most promising therapeutic approaches to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although several monoclonal antibodies against Aβ have been shown to substantially reduce Aβ burden in patients with AD, their effects on improving cognitive function remain marginal. In addition, a significant portion of patients treated with Aβ-targeting antibodies experience brain edema and microhemorrhage associated with antibody-mediated Fc receptor activation in the brain.

Tunable Single-Atomic Charges on a Cleaved Intercalated Transition Metal Dichalcogenide.

Control of a single ionic charge state by altering the number of bound electrons has been considered as an ultimate testbed for atomic charge-induced interactions and manipulations, and such subject has been studied in artificially deposited objects on thin insulating layers. We demonstrate that an entire layer of controllable atomic charges on a periodic lattice can be obtained by cleaving metallic CoNbS, an intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide. We identified a metastable charge state of Co with a different valence and manipulated atomic charges to form a linear chain of the metastable charge state.

Genome editing of immune cells using CRISPR/Cas9.

The ability to read, write, and edit genomic information in living organisms can have a profound impact on research, health, economic, and environmental issues. The CRISPR/Cas system, recently discovered as an adaptive immune system in prokaryotes, has revolutionized the ease and throughput of genome editing in mammalian cells and has proved itself indispensable to the engineering of immune cells and identification of novel immune mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the CRISPR/ Cas9 system and the history of its discovery and optimization.

Atomic-Scale Observation of Topological Vortices in the Incommensurate Charge Density Wave of 2H-TaSe.

It has been only recently realized that topological vortices associated with structural distortions or ordered spins are rather common in numerous materials where long-range interactions are not dominant. Incommensurate modulations that frequently occur in charge density wave (CDW) materials are often understood in terms of discommensurations with a periodic phase shift. The accumulation of a one-dimensional (1D) phase shift can result in, for example, CDW dislocations in 2H-TaSe with incommensurate CDW (I-CDW).

One-dimensional molecular zippers.

We synthesized an azobenzene derivative to demonstrate a one-dimensional molecular zipper. The formation and underlying mechanism of the molecular zipper formed by combined hydrogen-bonding and van der Waals interactions between adjacent molecules were investigated on a Au(111) surface using scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations.