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Background: The correlation between inflammatory responses caused by spinal cord injury (SCI) and the prognosis of patients with SCI still remains controversial.
Methods: In the present study, we preliminary investigated the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and compared the serum IL-4 and IL-10 expression in rats of high Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores with these of low BBB scores. Besides, the infiltration of macrophage and the axonal regeneration of the injured spinal cord were observed from day 10 to day 30.
Results: We found that higher serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 can reflect the restorability degree of SCI and could be potential biomarkers for the prognosis of SCI. The infiltration of the M2 subtype of macrophage and the axons regrowth might contribute to a better prognosis.
Conclusions: The current study demonstrates that the serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 are preliminarily adopted as serologic markers to forecast SCI, and high serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 may indicate a better prognosis. Moreover, the way to promote macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 may contribute to better axonal regeneration.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13018-020-01727-1 | DOI Listing |
Equine Vet J
September 2025
Large Animal Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Background: Rhodococcus equi causes pneumonia in young foals, but disease susceptibility and severity vary. Cortisol and vitamin D modulate immune responses and cytokine production during bacterial infection, and altered concentrations are associated with sepsis in neonatal foals. We hypothesised an age and disease effect on circulating steroid hormone concentrations in foals, and that differences in cytokines and steroid hormone concentrations would predict disease severity in pneumonic foals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Anaesthesiol Scand
October 2025
Centre for Anaesthesiological Research, Department of Anaesthesiology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.
Background: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in critical illness involves dysregulated immune and inflammatory responses, endotheliopathy, and coagulation activation. We investigated how three types of endotheliopathy biomarkers relate to pro- and anti-inflammatory responses and clinical outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
Methods: In this secondary, explorative analysis of a prospective single-centre cohort (n = 459), we assessed associations between endotheliopathy biomarkers (syndecan-1, soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1)) and inflammatory biomarkers (pro-inflammatory: IFN-ϒ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, TNF-α; anti-inflammatory: IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) at ICU admission using linear regression.
Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao
August 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233030, China.
Objectives: To study the molecular mechanisms of LDH-loaded si-NEAT1 for regulating paclitaxel resistance and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) polarization in breast cancer.
Methods: qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of lncRNA NEAT1, miR-133b, and PD-L1 in breast cancer SKBR3 cells and paclitaxel-resistant SKBR3 cells (SKBR3-PR). The effects of transfection with si-NEAT1 and miR-133b mimics on MRP, MCRP and PD-L1 expressions and cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis were investigated using qRT-PCR, Western blotting, scratch and Transwell assays, and flow cytometry.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
September 2025
Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
Pterygium is a common ocular surface lesion, and postoperative recurrence remains a major challenge due to insufficient therapeutic strategies targeting fibroblast proliferation and inflammation. Fibrinogen hydrogel (Fibrin glue, FG), a bioadhesive hydrogel, is widely used in pterygium surgery to secure conjunctival autografts. However, its low adhesion often leads to graft detachment, hindering effective repair.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathol Res Pract
August 2025
Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:
Management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMBIC) typically involves transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) followed by intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy. However, 30-50 % of patients may not respond to BCG or experience recurrence. High-dose vitamin C (VitC) has shown promise in improving the outcome of immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade.
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