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Expansion of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) is a pathological feature of many human lung diseases. Human PNECs are inherently difficult to study due to their rarity (<1% of total lung cells) and a lack of established protocols for their isolation. We used induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate induced PNECs (iPNECs), which express core PNEC markers, including ROBO receptors, and secrete major neuropeptides, recapitulating known functions of primary PNECs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that differentiation efficiency is increased in the presence of an air-liquid interface and inhibition of Notch signaling. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed a PNEC-associated gene expression profile that is concordant between iPNECs and human fetal PNECs. In addition, pseudotime analysis of scRNA-seq results suggests a basal cell origin of human iPNECs. In conclusion, our model has the potential to provide an unlimited source of human iPNECs to explore PNEC pathophysiology associated with several lung diseases.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101083 | DOI Listing |
Endocr Relat Cancer
September 2025
Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, IRCCS, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
Bone metastases (BMs) are rare and late event in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The aim of our study was to investigate clinical presentation and outcome of BMs in a large cohort of patients with NETs. A retrospective study was performed at two referral centers of Northern Italy (IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital in Milan and S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Endocrinol (Lausanne)
September 2025
Department of Infectious Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Background: Paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors originating from the extra-adrenal autonomic paraganglia with a strong genetic background. pathogenic variants are associated with the highest rate of malignancy in PGLs. Most head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGs) are asymptomatic and benign, and multiple metastases are rare.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUgeskr Laeger
September 2025
H.C. Andersen Børne- og Ungehospital, Odense Universitetshospital.
This case report describes two infants with persistent tachypnea, retractions, hypoxemia during sleep, and failure to thrive. After excluding common causes, high-resolution CT revealed ground-glass opacities in the lingula and perihilar regions. The infants were diagnosed with NEHI, and their treatment was mainly supportive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunol Invest
September 2025
Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of chinese PLA, Lanzhou, China.
Background: Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are specialized airway epithelial cells with dual sensory and secretory functions. They release bioactive mediators --including neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), and neurotransmitters such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) --that regulate airway smooth-muscle tone, mucus production, and immune responses. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), these PNEC-derived mediators contribute to airway inflammation, remodeling, and smooth-muscle dysfunction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLung Cancer
August 2025
The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, C
Background: Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) represents a rare and unique type of lung tumor with an unfavorable prognosis. It is essential to summarize the treatment modalities and prognosis for inoperable stage III and IV LCNEC, explore the role of frontline immunotherapy, and examine the stratification role of the Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI) and its relationship with the tumor microenvironment (TME).
Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 160 patients with inoperable lung LCNEC (L-LCNEC) admitted to three hospitals from December 2012 to November 2023.