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Phosphorylation of the signaling component by protein kinase often leads to a kinase cascade or feedback loop. 3-Phosphoinositide- dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) signaling pathway diverges into various kinases including Akt and p70 S6 kinase (p70S6k). However, the PDK1 feedback mechanism remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that UNC-51-like kinase (ULK1), an autophagy initiator kinase downstream of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), directly phosphorylated PDK1 on serine 389 at the linker region. Furthermore, our data showed that this phosphorylation affected the kinase activity of PDK1 toward downstream substrates. These results suggest a possible negative feedback loop between PDK1 and ULK1. [BMB Reports 2020; 53(7): 373-378].
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http://dx.doi.org/10.5483/BMBRep.2020.53.7.299 | DOI Listing |
Biol Trace Elem Res
September 2025
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science
The uncharted effects of cadmium and cesium on circadian syndrome (CircS), an emerging circadian rhythm disorder drawing considerable attention, and underlying mechanisms warrant exigent elaboration. Data of 11141 subjects from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018 were incorporated to investigate separate-, joint-/interaction-, and mixture-effects of urinary cadmium and cesium on prevalent CircS risk exploiting survey weight regression and quantile g-computation. The underlying mechanisms were probed by network toxicological analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKorean J Physiol Pharmacol
September 2025
Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China.
The progression of renal fibrosis is difficult to reverse, and Poria cocos, one of the main components of Wenyang Zhenshuai Granules, has been shown to be crucial to the development of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study aimed to examine the molecular mechanism by which Poricoic Acid A (PAA) inhibited the advancement of EMT in renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cells. The protein levels of sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 2 (SPRY2) extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), and p-ERK were measured.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends Plant Sci
September 2025
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Transport Biology, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Electronic address:
Plants have developed sophisticated signaling mechanisms to adapt to environmental changes, and secreted peptides play crucial roles. Sulfated tyrosine (sTyr) peptides are important regulators of plant growth, nutrient uptake, defense responses, and seed development. This study delves into the evolution of sTyr peptides, their receptors, and the enzyme tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST) that is responsible for their activation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Vet Med Sci
September 2025
Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University.
This study investigated the effects of soy isoflavone yeast fermented extract (soyF) and soy isoflavone yeast unfermented extract (soyN) on rat ileal smooth muscle contraction. SoyF and soyN inhibited carbachol (CCh)- or KCl-induced contraction in a concentration-dependent manner; however, these effects were stronger for CCh-induced contraction than that for KCl, and the relaxation effect was stronger for soyF than for soyN. SoyF-induced relaxation was attenuated by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a Kv channel inhibitor, and iberiotoxin (IbTX), a calcium-activated potassium channel (BK channel) inhibitor.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Pharm Bull (Tokyo)
September 2025
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Antigen-binding proteins, such as nanobodies, modified with functional small molecules hold great potential for applications including imaging probes, drug conjugates, and localized catalysts. However, traditional chemical labeling methods that randomly target lysine or cysteine residues often produce heterogeneous conjugates with limited reproducibility. Conventional site-specific conjugation approaches, which typically modify only the N- or C-terminus, may also be insufficient to achieve the desired functionalities.
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