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Many synthetic biologists have adopted methods based on Type IIS restriction enzymes and Golden Gate technology in their cloning procedures, as these enable the combinatorial assembly of modular elements in a very efficient way following standard rules. GoldenBraid (GB) is a Golden Gate-based modular cloning system that, in addition, facilitates the engineering of large multigene constructs and the exchange of DNA parts as result of its iterative cloning scheme. GB was initially developed specifically for plant synthetic biology, and it has been subsequently extended and adapted to other organisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, filamentous fungi, and human cells by incorporating a number of host-specific features into its basic scheme. Here we describe the general GB cloning procedure and provide detailed protocols for its adaptation to filamentous fungi-a GB variant known as FungalBraid. The assembly of a cassette for gene disruption by homologous recombination, a fungal-specific extension of the GB utility, is also shown. Development of FungalBraid was relatively straightforward, as both plants and fungi can be engineered using the same binary plasmids via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. We also describe the use of a set of web-based tools available at the GB website that assist users in all cloning procedures. The availability of plant and fungal versions of GB will facilitate genetic engineering in these industrially relevant organisms. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol 1: Software-assisted modular DNA assembly of a two gene expression-cassette with GB Basic Protocol 2: Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of filamentous fungi Basic Protocol 3: Software-assisted modular DNA assembly of a gene disruption-cassette using GB Basic Protocol 4: Obtaining disruption transformants.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpmb.116 | DOI Listing |
Int J Audiol
September 2025
Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Objective: To develop and pilot test a combined-learning intervention for Tanzanian primary healthcare workers on ear and hearing care (EHC), comprising five self-led smartphone-based modules and in-person workshops.
Design: The intervention was piloted with primary healthcare workers in Tanzania. Pre- and post-training surveys assessed knowledge, confidence, and attitudes towards EHC via Likert scales.
J Vis Exp
August 2025
Molemuse Biotech Studio;
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics data, including Data-Dependent Acquisition (DDA) and Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA), are widely used in biological research. However, the application of these datasets in validation studies is still limited due to the lack of clear demonstrations on how to effectively search and analyze proteomic data. To fill this gap, we selected one DDA and one DIA dataset deposited in the PRoteomics IDEntifications Database (PRIDE) data repository to better illustrate the proteomic data analysis workflow and downstream post-processing of protein search results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Vis Exp
August 2025
Tianjin Union Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University;
Posterior lumbar screw fixation is the most common surgical method for lumbar disc herniation, but patients often face multiple complications postoperatively. The occurrence of screw track loosening can lead to fusion failure and even life-threatening screw track extrusion. However, there is currently a lack of animal models specifically targeting changes in the screw track following lumbar screw fixation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Res Protoc
September 2025
Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Background: In pediatric intensive care units, pain, sedation, delirium, and iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome (IWS) must be managed as interrelated conditions. Although clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) exist, new evidence needs to be incorporated, gaps in recommendations addressed, and recommendations adapted to the European context.
Objective: This protocol describes the development of the first patient- and family-informed European guideline for managing pain, sedation, delirium, and IWS by the European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care.
J Integr Neurosci
August 2025
Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003 Xinxiang, Henan, China.
Background: Excessive stress leads to stress injury but the underlying mechanism is not completely understood and current preventive protocols are inadequate. This study aimed to investigate if glucocorticoid (GC) reduces nerve damage in the hypothalamus caused by stress and to clarify the mechanisms involved.
Methods: Behavioral alterations in stressed rats were observed using the open field test.