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While was originally regarded as a model for investigating determinate developmental programs, landmark studies have subsequently shown that the largely invariant pattern of development in the animal does not reflect irreversibility in rigidly fixed cell fates. Rather, cells at all stages of development, in both the soma and germline, have been shown to be capable of changing their fates through mutation or forced expression of fate-determining factors, as well as during the normal course of development. In this chapter, we review the basis for natural and induced cellular plasticity in We describe the events that progressively restrict cellular differentiation during embryogenesis, starting with the multipotency-to-commitment transition (MCT) and subsequently through postembryonic development of the animal, and consider the range of molecular processes, including transcriptional and translational control systems, that contribute to cellular plasticity. These findings in the worm are discussed in the context of both classical and recent studies of cellular plasticity in vertebrate systems.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.119.302333 | DOI Listing |
Cell Signal
September 2025
Department of Anesthesiology and Operation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China. Electronic address:
Repeated exposure to gestational general anesthesia during pregnancy has been associated with neurodevelopmental damage and cognitive and social dysfunction in offspring. This study investigates the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for mitigating these effects. Behavioral tests revealed significant impairments in cognitive, social, and spatial learning abilities in the offspring of general anesthesia-treated mice, alongside delayed eye-opening, reduced body weight, and neuronal damage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Pharmacol
September 2025
Eisai, Inc., 200 Metro Blvd. Nutley, NJ 07110, USA. Electronic address:
Phosphodiesterase 9 (PDE9) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-a second messenger that regulates neuronal plasticity and memory function. PDE9 inhibition has been shown to enhance cognitive function in rodents, underlining the potential of PDE9 inhibitors (PDE9Is) as novel therapeutics for cognitive dysfunction. Considering the critical role of nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP signaling cascade in acetylcholine (ACh) release, the combination of PDE9Is and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may synergistically elevate ACh levels in the brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAtherosclerosis
August 2025
Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, UniversityHospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner Site Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University
Due to their remarkable plasticity, macrophages can adapt to diverse environments and challenges therein, thereby exerting tissue-specific and context-specific functions. Macrophages are the most frequent immune cell population present in the heart and contribute substantially to cardiac homeostasis and function. Moreover, macrophages are key regulators throughout all stages of heart injury, acquiring diverse phenotypes that can either ameliorate or exacerbate cardiac pathology in a context-dependent manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurobiol Aging
September 2025
Departamento de Farmacobiología. Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 14330, Mexico. Electronic address:
The physiological decline associated with aging is often accompanied by a progressive deterioration in cognitive processing abilities driven by a series of cellular dysfunctions that remain poorly understood. In the hippocampus, a critical area for learning and memory, aging affects the functional expression of ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, including the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). mGluRs play a critical role in multiple cellular functions, including modulation of ion channels and intrinsic excitability, synaptic transmission, and induction of synaptic plasticity, processes considered part of the cellular substrates for learning and memory.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSemin Hematol
August 2025
Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM, gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer in which disease initiation and relapse are driven by leukemic cells with stem-like properties, known as leukemic stem cells (LSCs). The LSC compartment is highly heterogenous and this contributes to differences in therapy response. This heterogeneity is determined by genetic and nongenetic factors including somatic mutations, the cell of origin, transcriptional and epigenetic states as well as phenotypic plasticity.
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