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Objective: To develop and assess an equation based on maternal clinical parameters and third trimester ultrasound biometry (combined method), and compare it with ultrasound-estimated foetal weight (EFW) calculated using the Hadlock 2 formula.
Methods: Cohort study. A total of 1,224 women with singleton pregnancies who had undergone foetal ultrasound scanning (USS) at 34 weeks were recruited. The study was conducted at a reference center in Valencia (Spain) between January and December 2016. A gestation-adjusted projection (GAP) method was applied to estimated foetal-weight-for-gestational-age by foetal gender at delivery (EFWa). A multivariate regression was created to estimate foetal weight at term (EFWmr) using anthropometric, demographic, ultrasonographic and obstetric-neonatal variables. EFWa and EFWmr were calculated and compared with actual birthweight.
Results: The proportion for EFWmr within <10% of actual birthweight was greater than EFWa (82% vs. 65%, p<0.001). The mean relative error in foetal-weight predictions by using EFWmr was reduced from 6.7% to 0.9% (difference 5.7% 95% CI: 5.4 to 6.0) paired t-test p<0.001, significantly improving the accuracy attainable with USS. The EFWmr outperformed the GAP method in predicting birthweight, within 1% relative error. For new- borns <2,500 g, the proportion of estimates within <10% of the actual birthweight for the EFWmr was greater than that of the EFWa (20.4 vs. 16.3%, p=0.005). For babies with normal birthweight (2,500-3,999 g), EFWmr was a better predictor of birthweight than EFWa (84.5 vs. 65.7%, p<0.001).
Conclusions: Mathematical modelling to predict birthweight improves third trimester routine ultrasound measurement to estimate neonatal weight at term.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.18597/rcog.3201 | DOI Listing |
J Womens Health (Larchmt)
September 2025
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Disordered eating behaviors and depressive symptoms can be problematic during pregnancy for both the individual and their offspring. Our study aimed to determine the extent to which body image dissatisfaction early in pregnancy predicts eating disorder behaviors and/or depressive symptoms across pregnancy. Participants ( = 253) completed self-report assessments of depressive and eating disorder symptoms alongside the modified Body Image in Pregnancy Scale in their first, second, and third trimesters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetes Metab Res Rev
September 2025
Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Aim: Our aim was to ascertain whether metformin can reduce insulin requirement without compromising glycaemic control during pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes.
Methods: A total of 126 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes were recruited for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study. The primary outcome was total insulin change, defined as the difference between baseline and third trimester maximum insulin dose (IU).
Sleep Med
August 2025
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, the Netherlands; Trimbos Institute - Netherlands Institute for Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, the Netherlands. Electronic address:
Objectives: Sleep is known to change around pregnancy. Yet current studies often do not take into account the multidimensionality of sleep and its changes from preconception to postpartum. Therefore, this study aims to explore maternal multivariate sleep trajectory from preconception to 6 months postpartum and related determinants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGait Posture
August 2025
Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Background: During pregnancy, significant physiological, morphological, and hormonal changes profoundly affect women's biomechanics, increasing the risk of falls and musculoskeletal complaints, especially in the third trimester. To understand movement adaptations and musculoskeletal disorders in pregnant women, kinetic analysis using pregnant-specific multi-segment or musculoskeletal models is essential. This review aims to evaluate the development, applications and limitations of such models intended for kinetic analysis in pregnancy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Hyg Environ Health
September 2025
CHU Rennes, University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
Objective: To use data-driven approaches to investigate maternal multi-occupational exposures during pregnancy and their effects on intrauterine growth.
Methods: Maternal occupational exposure to 47 factors during pregnancy was evaluated with job-exposure matrices in the French ELFE cohort. The outcomes of interest were birthweight (BW), small for gestational age (SGA) and head circumference (HC).