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Bee pollen contains all the essential amino acids needed by humans. China is the largest producer of bee pollen in the world. In the present study, we identified 11 fatty acids in bee pollen oil by GC-MS analysis, and 16 compounds were isolated from bee pollen by column chromatography and identified. A high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method was established for the quality control of bee pollen. A validated HPLC-DAD method was successfully applied to the simultaneous characterization and quantification of nine main constituents in seven samples collected from seven different areas in China. The results showed that all standard calibration curves exhibited good linearity ( > 0.999) in HPLC-DAD analysis with excellent precision, repeatability and stability. The total amount in the samples from the seven regions ranged from 23.50 to 46.05 mg/g. In addition, seven compounds were studied for their bioactivity using enzymic methods, whereby kaempferol () showed high α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC: 80.35 μg/mL), ergosterol peroxide () showed high tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC: 202.37 μg/mL), and luteolin () had strong acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC: 476.25 μg/mL). All results indicated that bee pollen could be a nutritious health food.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152705 | DOI Listing |
Environ Int
August 2025
Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ GmbH, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Electr
Single and mixture exposure to plant protection products (PPPs) can affect non-target organisms at sublethal concentrations, yet the ecological relevance of behavioural effects remains underexplored. Behavioural disruptions can compromise survival and fitness, with exposure occurring across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here, we assess the behavioural impact of environmentally relevant PPP concentrations on two ecologically and toxicologically important model species: honeybees (Apis mellifera) and zebrafish (Danio rerio).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRSC Adv
August 2025
Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna Via Piero Gobetti 83 40129 Bologna Italy
The increasing presence of micro- and nanoplastics in natural environments raises concerns about their interactions with biological particles such as pollen, that may act as carriers but could also undergo subtle chemical or structural changes, potentially influencing their ecological role. At the same time, the analytical and technological approaches used to investigate nanoplastic pollution mechanism can themselves raise concerns regarding their greenness. In this interdisciplinary study, we explored the interactions between multifloral bee pollen and polyethylene terephthalate nanoparticles (NanoPET) under environmentally relevant conditions using a multimodal analytical strategy combining AF4 (Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation) multidetection, Pyrolysis-GC-MS (py-GC-MS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and dielectrophoresis-Raman spectroscopy (DEP-Raman).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Biol (Stuttg)
September 2025
Department of Botany, Postgraduate Program in Plant Biology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
The high costs of floral maintenance modulate floral longevity. In some species with massive flowering and long floral lifespan, floral longevity increases overall display by changing petal colour, which ultimately counterbalances costs of floral maintenance. However, the colour of petals remains unchanged throughout the floral lifespan in some species with long floral longevity, and the reproductive consequences of such combined traits remain elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPoult Sci
August 2025
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, China; Local Goose Gene Bank in Anhui Province, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China; Anhui Engineering Technolo
Bee pollen is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, exhibiting properties such as antioxidant effects, immune enhancement, and promotion of growth and development. However, there are limited studies on the use of bee pollen in goose breeding. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rape bee pollen (RBP) and camellia bee pollen (CBP) on production performance, intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant and immune indices, and gut microbiota in Wanxi white goose.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Chem
August 2025
Balparmak R&D Center, Altıparmak Food Industry and Trade Inc., Istanbul, Türkiye.
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and their N-oxides (PANOs) which might be incorporated into the bee products may pose health risks for consumers. We aimed to analyze PAs of honeys and bee pollens by quantifying 28 PAs/PANOs using a novel online SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS methodology. Dilute & shoot preparation was optimized for honeys, whereas pollen PAs were extracted using ACN/McIlvaine-EDTA buffer.
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