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Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting holds the promise to fabricate tissue and organ substitutes for regenerative medicine. However, the lack of bioactive inks to fabricate and support functional living constructs is one of the main limitations hindering the progress of this technology. In this study, a biofunctional human-based nanocomposite bioink (HUink) composed of platelet lysate hydrogels reinforced by cellulose nanocrystals is reported. When combined with suspended bioprinting technologies, HUink allows the biofabrication of 3D freeform constructs with high resolution and integrity, mimicking the hierarchical nano-to-macro fibrillary composition of native tissues. Remarkably, HUink supports bioprinting of stem cells with high viability immediately after extrusion and over long-term cell culture without the need for additional biochemical or animal-derived media supplementation. As opposed to typical polymer-based bioinks, the pool of growth factors, cytokines and adhesion proteins in HUink boosts cell spreading and proliferation, stimulating the fast production of cell-secreted extracellular matrix. This innovative bioprinting platform with unpaired biofunctionality allows the fabrication of complex freeform cell-laden constructs that can ultimately be applied in the development of xeno-free 3D tissue models for in vitro research or to develop tissue and organ surrogates for clinical applications.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/ab33e8 | DOI Listing |
Int J Mol Sci
August 2025
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
Biocompatible polymers have emerged as essential materials in medical 3D printing, enabling the fabrication of scaffolds, tissue constructs, drug delivery systems, and biosensors for applications in and on the human body. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of 3D-printable biocompatible polymers and their composites, with an emphasis on their processing methods, properties, and biomedical uses. The scope of this work includes both natural and synthetic biocompatible polymers, polymer-nanocomposite systems, and bioinks that do not require photo initiators.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall
August 2025
The Vijay Lab, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, 129188, UAE.
The convergence of nanotechnology and bioprinting is redefining the landscape of tissue engineering, with nanocomposite gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) bioinks emerging as a transformative platform for the biofabrication of multifunctional tissue-specific constructs. GelMA, a photocrosslinkable hydrogel, has rapidly gained attention due to its intrinsic bioactivity, tunable mechanical properties, and compatibility with living cells. However, despite its wide applicability regenerating muscle, cartilage, bone, vascular, cardiac, and neural tissues, native GelMA suffers from limited mechanical strength and insufficient biofunctionality to recapitulate the complexity of specialized tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMacromol Biosci
July 2025
School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China.
Damage to articular cartilage is irreversible, and its self-healing ability is minimal. The construction of articular cartilage in tissue engineering requires suitable biomaterials as scaffolds to provide a 3D natural microenvironment for the development and growth of articular cartilage. This study aims to explore the feasibility of Gt-Alg-MMT (gelatin/sodium alginate/montmorillonite) nanocomposite hydrogel as a 3D printing bioink and its applicability in 3D printing cartilage scaffolds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
July 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China.
The advent of 4D bioprinting has fueled significant progress in tissue engineering, but it faces major challenges such as limited options of smart bioinks and complexity of designing printing paths, limiting its broader application in tissue engineering. In this study, a smart composite hydrogel is first developed by combining gelatin, gelatin methacryloyl, and MXene (MX/GG), exhibiting excellent printability and shape-morphing capabilities. A facile and robust 4D printing strategy is proposed to fabricate MX/GG hydrogels with distinct spatial crosslinking gradients by simply tuning the domain-specific pattern thickness followed by a single UV exposure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
July 2025
Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
Electrically conductive hydrogels are gaining attention owing to their applications in biosensing, cellular interfaces, and tissue engineering. However, conventional hydrogels often lack adequate electrical conductivities. Here, we present two novel conductive alginate-based hydrogels designed for extrusion-based 3D bioprinting: (i) covalently synthesized alginate-polypyrrole (alginate-PPy) via EDC/NHS-mediated conjugation with 3-aminopropyl pyrrole, and (ii) nanoparticle-reinforced alginate blended with polypyrrole nanoparticles (alginate@PPy-NP).
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