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The apple is an iconic tree and a major fruit crop worldwide. It is also a model species for the study of the evolutionary processes and genomic basis underlying the domestication of clonally propagated perennial crops. Multidisciplinary approaches from across Eurasia have documented the pace and process of cultivation of this remarkable crop. While population genetics and genomics have revealed the overall domestication history of apple across Eurasia, untangling the evolutionary processes involved, archeobotany has helped to document the transition from gathering and using apples to the practice of cultivation. Further studies integrating archeogenetic and archeogenomic approaches will bring new insights about key traits involved in apple domestication. Such knowledge has potential to boost innovation in present-day apple breeding.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2019.05.007 | DOI Listing |
Annu Rev Microbiol
September 2025
4Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Paris, France.
Cyanobacteria played a pivotal role in shaping Earth's early history and today are key players in many ecosystems. As versatile and ubiquitous phototrophs, they are used as models for oxygenic photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, circadian rhythms, symbiosis, and adaptations to harsh environments. Cyanobacterial genomes and metagenomes exhibit high levels of genomic diversity partly driven by gene flow within and across species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
Pufferfish exhibit the smallest vertebrate genomes, making them ideal models for investigating evolutionary patterns and processes that affect genome size. While the Takifugu rubripes genome was fully sequenced two decades ago, key evolutionary drivers remain elusive. We sequenced 10 pufferfish genomes and generated 35 transcriptomes and 13 methylomes to understand genomic evolutionary mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Biosaf
August 2025
Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
The Framework for Nucleic Acid Synthesis Screening (FNASS), introduced by the U.S. White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, establishes new biosecurity measures to address emerging concerns about the potential misuse of synthetic nucleic acid sequences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPNAS Nexus
September 2025
Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
Cultural transmission across generations is key to cumulative cultural evolution. While several mechanisms-such as vertical, horizontal, and oblique transmission-have been studied for decades, how these mechanisms change across the life course, beyond childhood, remains unclear. Furthermore, it is under-explored whether different mechanisms apply to distinct learning processes: long-term learning-where individuals invest time and effort to acquire skills-and short-term learning-where individuals share information of immediate use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Plant
September 2025
Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address:
In Arabidopsis roots, xylem-pole-pericycle (XPP) cells exhibit dual cell fates by contributing to both lateral root (LR) and cambium formation. Despite the significant progress in understanding these processes individually, the mechanism deciding between these two fates and its contribution on root architecture and secondary growth remain unknown. Here we combined lineage tracing with molecular genetics to study the regulation of fate plasticity of XPP cell lineage.
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