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A Comprehensive Air-Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) version 6.10 simulation was assessed through comparison with data acquired during NASA's 2011 DISCOVER-AQ Maryland field campaign. Comparisons for the baseline simulation (CB05 chemistry, EPA 2011 National Emissions Inventory) show a model overestimate of NO by +86.2% and an underestimate of HCHO by -28.3%. We present a new model framework (CB6r2 chemistry, MEGAN v2.1 biogenic emissions, 50% reduction in mobile NO, enhanced representation of isoprene nitrates) that better matches observations. The new model framework attributes 31.4% more surface ozone in Maryland to electric generating units (EGUs) and 34.6% less ozone to on-road mobile sources. Surface ozone becomes more NO-limited throughout the eastern United States compared to the baseline simulation. The baseline model therefore likely underestimates the effectiveness of anthropogenic NO reductions as well as the current contribution of EGUs to surface ozone.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5880053 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067332 | DOI Listing |
Biosaf Health
August 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, MS320, Reno 89557 Nevada, United States of America.
The role of personal protective equipment (PPE) in protecting against exposure to infectious agents and toxic chemicals is well-established. However, the global surge in PPE demand during the pandemic exposed challenges, including shortages and environmental impacts from disposable waste. Developing effective, scalable, and sustainable decontamination methods for the reuse of PPE is essential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStat Med
September 2025
Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Studying the association between mixtures of environmental exposures and health outcomes can be challenging due to issues such as correlation among the exposures and non-linearities or interactions in the exposure-response function. For this reason, one common strategy is to fit flexible nonparametric models to capture the true exposure-response surface. However, once such a model is fit, further decisions are required when it comes to summarizing the marginal and joint effects of the mixture on the outcome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Environmental Technology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China. Electronic
Surface ozone (O) pollution has emerged as a regional environmental issue. Photochemical reactive species significantly impact O photochemical formation by regulating radicals and atmospheric oxidation capacity. This study focuses on O pollution in a southeastern coastal city, utilizing coordinated methods of filed observations and Photochemical Box Model to explore the pollution mechanisms and sensitivity analyses of typical reactive species (PAN, HCHO, and isoprene).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
September 2025
The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel. Electronic address:
Tropospheric ozone (O) is a major air pollutant that negatively affects human health and vegetation, and plays a central role in climate change and atmospheric chemistry. Current simulations of tropospheric O concentrations in climate and air-quality models are significantly limited by the inaccurate representation of O dry deposition rate-particularly in urban areas, where field measurements remain scarce. We hypothesize that O dry deposition in the urban environment is controlled by factors similar to those over vegetation, albeit via potentially different mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
September 2025
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
Reactive nitrogen plays critical roles in atmospheric chemistry, climate, and geochemical cycles, yet its sources in the marine atmosphere, particularly the cause of the puzzling daytime peaks of nitrous acid (HONO), remain unexplained. Here we reveal that iodide enhances HONO production during aqueous nitrate photolysis by over tenfold under typical marine conditions. Laboratory experiments and molecular simulations confirm that HONO formation from nitrate photolysis is a surface-dependent process, and the extreme surface propensity of iodide facilitates nitrate enrichment at interfaces, reducing the solvent cage effect and promoting HONO release.
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