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Dual function of itaconic acid from against .

Plant Dis

September 2025

Shenyang Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang, China;

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause catastrophic yield losses in global agriculture. This study identified itaconic acid (IA), through comparative metabolomic analysis (the study of small molecules in biological systems), as a key virulence-related metabolite produced by the fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride Snef1910.

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Introduction: Peatlands store up to a third of global soil carbon, and in high latitudes their litter inputs are increasing and changing in composition under climate change. Although litter significantly influences peatland carbon and nutrient dynamics by changing the overall lability of peatland organic matter, the physicochemical mechanisms of this impact-and thus its full scope-remain poorly understood.

Methods: We applied multimodal metabolomics (UPLC-HRMS, H NMR) paired with C Stable Isotope-Assisted Metabolomics (SIAM) to track litter carbon and its potential priming effects on both existing soil organic matter and carbon gas emissions.

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Background: Serious illness communication skills (SICS) are essential competencies for clinicians to possess. Unfortunately, SICS teaching is not routinely taught and many clinician teachers (CTs) never received training on how to teach them. We funded two cohorts of CTs to learn an evidence-based approach to SICS teaching to scale a unified approach to such training.

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Unlabelled: The global health crisis caused by SARS-CoV-2 underscores the urgent need for effective antiviral therapeutics. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) is a crucial enzyme in viral replication, making it a prime target for drug development. In this study, we designed and evaluated peptide inhibitors targeting Mpro by introducing systematic mutations in the Nsp10/11 cleavage site peptide (QLMPER).

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Molecular characterization of endosomal self RNA Rmrp-engaged TLR3 dimerization to prime innate activation.

Cell Res

September 2025

Department of Immunology, Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.

The pre-dimerization of endosome-localized RNA sensor Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is required for its innate recognition, yet how TLR3 pre-dimers are formed and precisely primed for innate activation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that endosome-localized self RNA Rmrp directly binds to TLR3 and induces TLR3 dimerization in the early endosome but does not interact with endosome-localized TLR7, TLR8, TLR9 or cytoplasmic RNA sensor RIG-I under homeostatic conditions. Cryo-EM structure of Rmrp-TLR3 complex reveals a novel lapped conformation of TLR3 dimer engaged by Rmrp, which is distinct from the activation mechanism by dsRNA and the specific structural feature at the 3'-end of Rmrp is critical for its functional interaction with TLR3.

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