Treatment adherence and level of control in moderate persistent asthma in children and adolescents treated with fluticasone and salmeterol.

Objective: There is a scarcity of studies that assessed the association between adherence to combination therapy and asthma control in pediatric patients. The authors investigated the association between adherence to fluticasone propionate/salmeterol xinafoate combination-metered aerosol and the level of asthma control in children.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study of 84 patients aged 5-16 years with moderate persistent asthma, who remained uncontrolled despite the use of 1000μg/day of inhaled nonextrafine-hydrofluoric alkane-beclomethasone dipropionate in the three months prior to study enrollment. Participants were prescribed two daily doses of FP (125μg)/salmeterol xinafoate (25μg) combination by metered aerosol/spacer for six months. Adherence rates were assessed using the device's dose counter after the 2nd, 4th, and 6th months of follow up. Asthma control was assessed using a simplified Global Initiative for Asthma 2014 Report classification.

Results: Mean adherence rates after the second, fourth, and sixth months were 87.8%, 74.9%, and 62.1% respectively, for controlled asthma, and 71.7%, 56.0%, and 47.6% respectively, for uncontrolled asthma (all p-values≤0.03). The proportion of children achieving asthma control increased to 42.9%, 67.9% and 89.3% after the 2nd, 4th and 6th months of follow-up, respectively (p≤0.001).

Conclusion: Adherence rates between 87.8% in the 2nd month and 62.1% in the 6th month were strong determinants of asthma control.