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Flexible actuators are widely in demand for many real-life applications. Considering that existing actuators based on polymers, low-dimensional materials and pore-rich materials are mostly limited by slow response rate, high driving voltage and poor stability, we report here a novel metal based flexible actuator which is fabricated simply through partial oxidation and nano-function of copper foil with the assistance of reduced graphene oxide. The obtained asymmetric metallic actuator is (electric-)thermally driven and exhibits fast response rate (∼2 s) and large curvature (2.4 cm) under a low voltage (∼1 V) with a sustainable operation of up to ∼50 000 cycles. The actuator can also be triggered by infrared irradiation and direct-heating under various conditions including air, water, and vacuum.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr03028b | DOI Listing |
Soft Robot
September 2025
The School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Soft robotic systems are promising for diverse space applications due to their embedded compliance, promising locomotion methods, and efficient use of mass and volume. Space environments are harsher and more varied than those on Earth; extreme temperature, pressure, and radiation may impact the performance and robustness of soft robots. Cryogenic temperatures on celestial bodies such as the Moon or Europa pose significant challenges to the flexibility and actuation performance of conventional soft systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Asian J
September 2025
School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Aggregate Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, China.
Organic high-temperature photothermal materials (T > 100 °C) have demonstrated significant application values because of their ability to exceed the temperature limits of traditional organic photothermal materials, enabling spatiotemporally controllable long-distance heating and high-temperature conversion of laser or sunlight. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in organic high-temperature photothermal materials, mainly including organic small molecule and polymer materials. Their photothermal conversion mechanisms and the factors influencing their performance as well as their applications, including photo controlled ignition/deflagration, photothermal induced actuators, photo controlled metal processing, and concentrated sunlight energy conversion were elaborated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Mater
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Small-scale magnetically actuated catheters capable of remote active navigation have promising applications in minimally invasive surgeries. However, existing fabrication techniques hinder their integration with multimodal sensing components, especially since embedding rigid electronic components within the catheters may diminish their flexibility and controllability. Here we report a magnetically actuated bioelectronic catheter with the in situ multiplexed biosensing of multiple types of metabolite or ion simultaneously.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNano Lett
September 2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
Active manipulation of terahertz (THz) waves is important for future optoelectronic applications, but most approaches rely on volatile or slow actuation, limiting efficiency and stability. Here, we report a nonvolatile, low-voltage tunable THz transmission device based on electrochemical modulation of a conductive polymer thin film integrated with metallic nanoresonators. A thin film of PEDOT:PSS, deposited via a single-step spin-coating process onto the nanoresonator array, enables efficient modulation of resonance-enhanced THz transmission with a gate voltage of less than 1 V.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
September 2025
The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
Engineering guest-responsive materials capable of controlled and precise sorption behavior and structural deformation in response to external stimuli is imperative for various applications. However, existing systems often exhibit complex, unpredictable dynamics, posing challenges for efficient control and utilization. Here, we design crystalline metal-peptide frameworks with tunable water-responsive (WR) dynamics by assembling glycine-threonine (Gly-Thr, GT) or glycine-serine (Gly-Ser, GS) peptides with zinc (Zn) ions, achieving either continuous or discrete threshold water-sorption-dependent phase transitions.
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