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Background: Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) is a new clinical construct. It signifies that the embolus in the thromboembolic ischemic stroke is of unknown origin. The anticoagulants are usually prescribed for antithrombotic prophylaxis, but whether it is appropriate for all patients with ESUS is still unknown.
Methods And Results: In this article, we describe 3 cases of ESUS, all of whose antithrombotic therapy was antiplatelet medication, and the 3 patients had no recurrence on 3- to 7-month follow-up.
Conclusions: Because there was no obvious risk factor found in these ESUS cases, the recurrence risk is difficult to evaluate, and the optimum means of secondary prevention are still unknown. Hence, many aspects warrant resolution.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.04.009 | DOI Listing |
Acta Physiol (Oxf)
October 2025
Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Background: The cerebral circulation is continuously challenged by intravascular micrometer-sized particles that become trapped microvascular-emboli. These particles may include micro-thrombi, stiffened erythrocytes, and leukocytes, while also fat particles, air, and microplastics may cause microvascular embolism.
Review Scope: In this narrative review, we discuss these embolization processes and their acute and chronic consequences.
Cureus
August 2025
Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, JPN.
Cerebral infarction is a rare but serious complication after pulmonary resection for lung cancer. A 78-year-old man with hypertension and diabetes underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic right middle lobectomy for stage IA2 adenocarcinoma. On postoperative day 1, he developed acute right hemiparesis and motor aphasia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Comput Biol
September 2025
Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America.
Deciphering the source of an embolism is a common challenge encountered in stroke treatment. Carotid stenosis is a key source of embolic strokes. Carotid interventions can be indicated when a patient has greater than 50% stenosis in the carotid ipsilateral to the cerebral infarction, which is designated as the symptomatic carotid.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurointerv Surg
September 2025
Neurosurgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Objective: Non-acute subdural hematomas (NASDHs) often recur or persist, particularly among older patients with comorbidities. Middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAe) has emerged as a promising primary treatment alternative. Dual-lumen balloon microcatheters significantly reduce the risk of reflux, which is a limitation of single-lumen microcatheters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCatheter Cardiovasc Interv
September 2025
Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is widely used to treat severe aortic stenosis; however, periprocedural stroke remains a significant concern. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate whether the use of cerebral embolic protection devices (CEPDs) during TAVR reduces the risk of stroke and other complications. To conduct a network meta-analysis of relevant trials to assess the efficacy of CEPDs currently used in TAVR.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF