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Amine-linked (C-NH) porous organic cages (POCs) are preferred over the imine-linked (C=N) POCs owing to their enhanced chemical stability. In general, amine-linked cages, obtained by the reduction of corresponding imines, are not shape-persistent in the crystalline form. Moreover, they require multistep synthesis. Herein, a one-pot synthesis of four new amine-linked organic cages by the reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) with different analogues of alkanediamine is reported. The POCs resulting from the odd diamine (having an odd number of -CH groups) is conformationally eclipsed, while the POCs constructed from even diamines adopt a gauche conformation. This odd-even alternation in the conformation of POCs has been supported by computational calculations. The synthetic strategy hinges on the concept of Schiff base condensation reaction followed by keto-enol tautomerization. This mechanism is the key for the exceptional chemical stability of cages and facilitates their resistance towards acids and bases.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201611260 | DOI Listing |
Natl Sci Rev
September 2025
Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
Precision in controlling the microenvironment of nanospaces is a potent strategy for exploring architecture‒function relationships. Herein, a face-capped tetrahedral cage, featuring Pd‒Pd-bonded vertices, with a tailored nanospace surrounded by 12 ethyl units, was facilitated to adaptively accommodate a library of guests with different sizes and shapes, including C6 cyclic hydrocarbons, adamantane derivatives, S and P. This nanocavity can achieve strong binding with cyclohexane in non-aqueous media in contrast to reported structurally similar non--functionalized cages by an increase of four orders of magnitude.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.
Porous organic cages (POCs) have emerged as promising porous materials for a wide range of applications. However, their development is often limited by insufficient chemical stability and challenges in systematically functionalization. Herein, we reported the design and synthesis of a tetrazine-based POC (TC1) featuring rigid tetrahedral structure, prepared via a one-pot nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPoult Sci
August 2025
Institute of Agricultural Education and Extension, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, 1985-713133, Iran.
This study evaluated the effects of raising systems and diet types on growth performance, carcass characteristics, pH content, fatty acid profiles and meat quality in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). A total of 608 seven-day-old quail chicks were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design, with two raising systems (cage and free-range) and two diet types (conventional and organic). The experiment employed a completely randomized design with four treatments, four replicates per treatment, and 38 birds per replicate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTalanta
September 2025
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Qingdao Application Technology Innovation Center of Photoelectric Biosensing for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment, Instrument
Rational optimization of the pore size and topology of porous nanocarriers is crucial for improving the loading amount of luminophore and enhancing electrochemiluminescence (ECL) performance. In this study, an equimolar linear ligand replacement strategy was employed to synthesize novel mesoporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for encapsulating Ru(bpy) (Ru@Zr MOFs) under room temperature without an acid modulator. Ingenious ligand substitution allows precise control of pore size, enabling encapsulation at the single-molecule level within mesoporous cages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
September 2025
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RX, UK.
Porous metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs) have strong covalent and coordinate bonds that define the intrinsic pore of the cage. The intermolecular interactions between cages tend to be weaker, such that they rearrange during the solvent exchange process preceding gas sorption measurements. The reduction in crystal size that this often causes limits the availability of structural data that could enable understanding of observed gas uptake.
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