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Pakistan and Afghanistan remain the only countries where polio is endemic, and Pakistan reports the most cases in the world. Although the rate is lower than in previous years, the situation remains alarming. We conducted a mixed methods study in high-risk areas of Pakistan to identify knowledge, attitudes, and practices of target populations about polio vaccine and its eradication, and to estimate coverage of routine immunization and oral polio vaccine. We surveyed 10,685 households in Karachi, 2522 in Pishin, and 2005 in Bajaur. Some knowledge of polio is universal, but important misconceptions persist. The findings of this study carry strategic importance for program direction and implementation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41271-016-0056-6 | DOI Listing |
Integr Environ Assess Manag
September 2025
School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 235040Taiwan.
Incorporating bioaccessibility into health risk assessments enhances the accuracy of exposure estimates for heavy metal (HM) pollution, supports targeted remediation, and informs public health and policy decisions, particularly for vulnerable populations. Because HM bioaccessibility depends on local soil and geographic characteristics, identifying its relationship with soil properties is crucial for assessing soil pollution potential. Although HM concentrations can be measured relatively easily, bioaccessibility requires complex laboratory procedures, limiting routine applications in regulatory contexts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJAAPA
September 2025
Clay W. Walker is an assistant professor of family medicine at Mayo Clinic in Phoenix, AZ; director of didactic education and an assistant professor in the PA program at A.T. Still University in Mesa, AZ; and an adjunct assistant professor at Rush University in Chicago, IL. Thomas Hartman is directo
Hemoptysis, defined as the expectoration of blood originating from the lower respiratory tract, is a clinical symptom with a wide differential diagnosis that ranges from benign to life-threatening causes. Common causes vary by geographic region and care setting, with respiratory infections, malignancy, bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease being predominant in resource-rich countries and tuberculosis remaining the leading cause in resource-limited areas. Though most cases are mild and self-limited, hemoptysis can be a life-threatening medical emergency; these cases are associated with a mortality exceeding 50%, primarily due to asphyxia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
August 2025
Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, CRI.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental syndrome that impacts two main areas: social communication and restrictive or repetitive behaviors. Other symptoms and comorbidities may be manifested, according to the different clinical presentations and severity levels. ASD diagnosis can be performed by two years of age; however, certain diagnostic challenges may lead to a late diagnosis and significant intervention delay.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFam Pract
August 2025
Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, Division of Family and Community Medicine, University of Utah, 310 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States.
Background: Pregnancy care in the USA is in crisis, particularly in rural areas. Shortages and maldistribution of care are contributing factors. Family medicine (FM) physicians could be crucial to addressing the crisis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Res Int
November 2025
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. Electronic address:
High-risk eating behavior, including the consumption of rare hamburgers and undercooked chicken as gourmet dishes, is a public health concern. Identifying the factors associated with such consumers' risky-eating behaviors is necessary to develop effective risk communication strategies. However, previous studies have primarily focused on undercooked meat resulting from mishandling during preparation, with few addressing the consumption of risky foods and its determinants.
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