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The former ovuliferous scales of biotemplated cones of Pinus nigra show moisture-driven actuation similar to their biological templates, demonstrating a facile route to obtain ceramic moisture-sensitive bilayer actuators. Based on comparative analysis of their hierarchical nanometer-precision replica structures, using, e.g., spatially resolved small-angle X-ray scattering, the origin of the actuation is explained.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201600117 | DOI Listing |
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
September 2025
College of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China.
Mimic octopuses can freely alter their shape and color to imitate the natural enemies of predators and thus avoid predation. Herein, a shape-color dual-responsive polyurethane (PU) was designed by imitating the mimic octopuses. To acquire reversible deformation, crystalline polycaprolactone (PCL) was selected as the soft segment and switching phase of the PU, while uniformly distributed hydrogen bonds inside the PU served as the internal stress provider.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomacromolecules
September 2025
Dongguan Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science for Advanced Materials and Large-Scale Scientific Facilities, School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, PR China.
Self-monitoring, functional, injectable hydrogels represent an advancement in smart biomaterials. In this study, we developed injectable dual-responsive hydrogel composites with near-infrared (NIR) emission, fabricated from a nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) nanoprobes and doubly cross-linked microgel (DX MG) building blocks. These hydrogels were easily prepared and exhibit reversible responsiveness to both pH (4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
August 2025
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Center for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
Introducing external substances to intercalate MXene (TiCT) or combining MXene with other inert materials to construct bilayer/multilayer structures is the current mainstream solution for improving actuation performance of MXene-based actuators. Possible issues include the degradation in mechanical and electrical properties of MXene, or the decrease in actuation performance or even structural damage of the actuator under frequent actuation. Besides, the structural and actuation performance stability of MXene-based actuators under high humidity environment also remain challenges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Rev
September 2025
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.
Soft robots, with their exceptional compliance, adaptability, and ability to safely interact with delicate objects, are redefining human-machine interfaces and expanding robotic capabilities into environments inaccessible to rigid systems. However, creating intelligent, multifunctional soft robots demands navigating a complex, multiscale design landscape, ranging from molecular-level building blocks through multifunctional soft robotic materials to fully integrated systems. In this review, we present a structured roadmap that addresses key challenges at three critical scales.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater Technol
March 2025
Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Girolamo Caruso 16, Pisa, 56122, Italy., Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, Pisa, 56122, Italy.
4D bioprinting is a cutting-edge approach for manufacturing active scaffolds able to shape-morph in a predefined way after the application of an environmental stimulus, thus enabling to mimic the dynamics of native tissues. In this study, we developed a self-folding gelatin-based bilayer scaffold for trachea engineering exploiting the 4D bioprinting approach. Starting from a 2D flat configuration, upon hydration, the scaffold automatically forms a closed tubular structure.
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