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In the presence of chromatin bridges in cytokinesis, human cells retain actin-rich structures (actin patches) at the base of the intercellular canal to prevent chromosome breakage. Here, we show that daughter nuclei connected by chromatin bridges are under mechanical tension that requires interaction of the nuclear membrane Sun1/2-Nesprin-2 Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex with the actin cytoskeleton, and an intact nuclear lamina. This nuclear tension promotes accumulation of Sun1/2-Nesprin-2 proteins at the base of chromatin bridges and local enrichment of the RhoA-activator PDZ RhoGEF through PDZ-binding to cytoplasmic Nesprin-2 spectrin repeats.
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Cancers are characterized with altered genomes. Sequencing of thousands of cancer genomes has led to the identification of new types of complex genomic rearrangements that generate new chromosomes, known as chromoanagenesis. Chromothripsis is, to-date, the best characterized phenomenon of complex rearrangements, in which a single chromosome pulverization is followed by reassembly of broken DNA fragments in a random manner.
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Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Structural variations (SVs) represent genomic variations that involve breakage and rejoining of DNA segments. SVs can alter normal gene dosage, lead to rearrangements of genes and regulatory elements within a topologically associated domain, and potentially contribute to physical traits, genomic disorders, or complex traits. Recent advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have greatly improved SV detection and interpretation at unprecedented resolution and scale.
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