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In the present study, we report the synthesis of gold (Au), silver (Ag), and gold-silver alloy (Au-Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) by seed-mediated method using gemini surfactant, containing diethyl ether spacer group as a stabilizer. As-synthesized NPs are found very much stable and have been characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and zeta potential techniques. The orientation of gemini surfactant molecules surrounding the metal NPs has been investigated exploiting twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) fluorescence properties of a probe 4-(N,N-dimethylamino) cinnamaldehyde (DMACA). The quenching efficiencies of different NPs have been performed in the fluorescence of DMACA and are found to be different. This effect can be related to the location of DMACA as well as the electro-negativity of the metals as the extent of orientation of the surfactant molecules around NPs controls the location of DMACA in a bilayer. To support the location of DMACA, fluorescence quenching studies with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) as an external quencher have also been carried out.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2014.12.064 | DOI Listing |
J Hazard Mater
September 2025
Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co., LTD, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control and Green Restoration, Sinopec, China.
Surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) is an effective strategy for removing dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) from contaminated groundwater. While Gemini surfactants possess unique dimeric structures and excellent physicochemical properties, the role of hydrophobic chain length in governing their solubilization performance has not been systematically clarified. Here, five sugar-based anionic-nonionic Gemini surfactants (SANG 06, 08, 09, 10, and 13) with different hydrophobic chain lengths were synthesized and evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Sustain Chem Eng
September 2025
Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Salamanca, Pza. Caídos 1-5, Salamanca 37008, Spain.
The industrial applications of surfactant solutions are both numerous and extremely diverse, demonstrating the importance of these systems in everyday life and driving the need for a systematic approach to designing sustainable surfactant molecules adapted to the specific requirements of each application. Given the very large space of possible molecules, the identification of candidate surfactants that achieve a balance between the optimal physicochemical properties of the product and minimal environmental and health impacts is extremely challenging. In this work, a formulation and solution framework based on Computer-Aided Molecular Design is proposed for surfactant design.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymers (Basel)
August 2025
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
To stimulate the progress of clean fracturing fluid systems, an innovative erucyl ultra-long-chain gemini surfactant (EUCGS) was devised and manufactured during the course of this study. The target product was successfully prepared via a two-step reaction involving erucyl primary amine, 3-bromopropionyl chloride, and 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)propanediol, with an overall yield of 78.6%.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Chem Chem Phys
August 2025
Department of Chemistry, St. Francis Xavier University, P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, NS, B2G 2W5, Canada.
The partition constants (-values) of primary alcohols in solutions containing aggregates of some symmetric dimeric (gemini) surfactants ,'-dimethyl,'-didecyl-α,ω-alkanediammonium dibromide (10--10 gemini surfactants) have been computed from the diffusion coefficients NMR spectroscopy. From the partition constants, thermodynamic partition coefficients and Gibbs energies of transfer for the alcohols from the bulk DO phase to the dimeric aggregate phase have been calculated. For 10-6-10 and 10-8-10 surfactants, the partition constants for two primary alcohols, 1-butanol (COH) and 1-pentanol (COH), increased with increasing the amount of the surfactant in the solution, while the thermodynamic partition coefficients and the calculated Gibbs transfer energies were constant with increasing surfactant concentration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Colloid Interface Sci
November 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada. Electronic address:
Improving pesticide utilization efficiency is vital for environmental sustainability, economic growth, and the protection of human and animal health, particularly in water-based formulations. Numerous studies have shown that surfactants can enhance pesticide encapsulation and improve deposition efficiency on plant surfaces. This review examines the roles of surfactants in pesticide formulations from the perspective of their structural classifications, including conventional, gemini, trimeric, and polymeric surfactants, with a particular focus on how molecular structure influences the droplet behavior and delivery performance.
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