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Host immunity represents a complex array of factors that evolved to provide protection against potential pathogens. While many factors regulate host immunity, glycan binding proteins (GBPs) appear to play a fundamental role in orchestrating this process. In addition, GBPs also reside at the key interface between host and pathogen. While early studies sought to understand GBP glycan binding specificity, limitations in the availability of test glycans made it difficult to elucidate a detailed understanding of glycan recognition. Recent developments in glycan microarray technology revolutionized analysis of GBP glycan interactions with significant implications in understanding the role of GBPs in host immunity. In this review, we explore different glycan microarray formats with a focus on the impact of these arrays on understanding the binding specificity and function of GBPs involved in immunity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.12.017 | DOI Listing |
Mol Biol Rep
September 2025
School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, The American University of Iraq-Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the continuously evolving SARS-CoV-2 virus, has presented persistent global health challenges. As novel variants emerge, many with enhanced transmissibility and immune evasion capabilities, concerns have intensified regarding the efficacy of existing vaccines and therapeutics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of COVID-19 vaccination, including the development and performance of monovalent and bivalent boosters, and examines their effectiveness against newly emerging variants of interest (VOIs) and variants under monitoring (VUMs), such as JN.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProbiotics Antimicrob Proteins
September 2025
Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Probiotics are live beneficial microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts, have gained considerable scientific and commercial interest for their ability to support gut health, strengthen immunity, and reduce disease risk. This review traces the genesis of probiotic science from its origins in traditional fermented foods to contemporary clinical applications, offering a conceptual understanding of its evolution. A clear distinction is drawn between endogenous probiotics, naturally resident in the human microbiome, and exogenous probiotics, introduced via dietary supplements and functional foods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Biol Rep
September 2025
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Selangor Branch, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, 47000, Selangor, Malaysia.
Streptococcus bovis is an opportunistic bacterium consistently associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). This article reviews previous experimental evidence that has successfully demonstrated the role of S. bovis species in the context of CRC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFmSphere
September 2025
Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Control of intracellular pathogens is a critical element of host defense. Defining the molecular mechanisms by which the host restricts or eliminates these pathogens may inform the development of novel immunotherapeutics and antimicrobial strategies, particularly in the face of rising antibiotic resistance. In parallel, understanding how pathogens subvert these immune responses may yield new approaches to disrupt virulence rather than viability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer
September 2025
Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
Background: The influence of obesity and sex on outcomes in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. The association between obesity (body mass index [BMI], ≥30) and biologic sex (male or female) for outcomes in patients with PDAC undergoing a surgery-first approach was investigated.
Methods: A prospectively maintained pancreatic cancer database at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center was queried to identify all patients undergoing surgery with a pathologic diagnosis of PDAC.