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Many ecological systems can exhibit alternative stable states (ASS), which implies that ecological communities may diverge depending on their initial state, despite identical environmental conditions. Here we present a new mechanism that can cause ASS in competition systems. Using a physiologically structured model of competing populations, representing Baltic Sea sprat and herring and their resources, we show how cohort-driven population cycles may result in priority effects leading to ASS. Similar mechanisms could, depending on mortality level, also result in a "resident strikes back" phenomenon. We argue that the prerequisites for the occurrence of ASS in our model system, that is, communities with competing populations exhibiting cohort cycles and variation in size at maturation, may be common in ecological systems.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/671327 | DOI Listing |
BMJ Open
September 2025
Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
Objectives: To estimate the association between socioeconomic background (derived from household main earner occupation when the survey respondent was aged 14 years old) and likelihood of working as a doctor in adulthood in the UK, and estimate how associations varied over time for respondents who turned 18 years old in different decades.
Design: Observational study of 10 years of pooled data from a nationally representative government survey.
Setting: The United Kingdom (UK).
J Refract Surg
September 2025
The College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia.
Purpose: To present a case of synthetic intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) intrusion secondary to necrosis and migration, managed by implantation of corneal allogenic intrastromal ring segments (CAIRS) within the preexisting tunnel.
Methods: A 24-year-old man with known keratoconus underwent bilateral ICRS implantation. He presented with blurred vision in the right eye 6 weeks after the procedure.
Phys Chem Chem Phys
September 2025
Computational Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India.
Over the past few years, alkali and alkaline earth metals have emerged as alternative catalysts to transition metal organometallics to catalyze the hydroboration of unsaturated compounds. A highly selective and cost-effective lithium-catalyzed method for the synthesis of an organoborane has been established based on the addition of a B-H bond to an unsaturated bond (polarized or unpolarized) using pinacolborane (HBPin). In the present work, the neosilyllithium-catalyzed hydroboration of nitriles, aldehydes, and esters has been investigated using high-level DLPNO-CCSD(T) calculations to unravel the mechanistic pathways and substrate-dependent reactivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
Economically viable and biologically compatible amino acids demonstrate significant potential as electrolyte microstructure modifiers in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Compared to polar amino acids, nonpolar amino acids simultaneously own zincophilicity and hydrophobicity, showing great potential in the industrial application of AZIBs. However, nonpolar amino acids have been comparatively understudied in existing research investigations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEye Brain
September 2025
National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.
Purpose: To investigate the impact of mild visual acuity loss on the Müller-Lyer illusion in adults and evaluate its potential as a clinical indicator for visual-cognitive integration mechanisms.
Methods: Three experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 measured illusion intensity in 49 young adults (25.