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In competitive sport game behavior, certain interpersonal patterns of movement coordination evolve even though each individual player only intends to exert their own strategy to win. To investigate this interpersonal pattern formation process, we asked pairs of naïve participants to engage in a play-tag game in which they had to remove a tag fastened to their partner's hip. Relative phase analysis of the players' step towards-away velocities indicated that anti-phase synchronization evolved across 10 repetitions of the game. We clarified evolution of this synchronization process using a dynamical model with an attractor (at relative π phase) and a repeller (at 0 relative phase) and discuss the self-organized nature of model and its ability to embody general solution for martial art interpersonal coordination.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3489899 | PMC |
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0047911 | PLOS |
J Am Chem Soc
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States.
Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer a valuable platform for manipulating and studying chemical reactions at the atomic level, owing to the ease of controlling their microscopic structure at the nanometer scale. While extensive research has been conducted on the structure-dependent chemical activity of 2D materials, the influence of structural transformation during the reaction has remained largely unexplored. In this work, we report the layer-dependent chemical reactivity of MoS during a nitridation atomic substitution reaction and attribute it to the rearrangement of Mo atoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Med
September 2025
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America.
Background: Oral emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF) preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectiveness against HIV acquisition highly depends on adherence. For men who have sex with men, a dosing study in the United States (US) population defined clinically meaningful tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) thresholds in dried blood spots (DBS) based on the rounded 25th percentile for 2, 4, and 7 doses/week as 350, 700, and 1,250 fmol/punch. However, divergent efficacy results in the first generation randomized clinical trials of F/TDF PrEP among African women led to several hypotheses to question whether the pharmacology and adherence requirement for oral F/TDF PrEP may be different in cisgender women compared to what is already established for men.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Anal Behav
September 2025
Laboratorio de Análisis de la Conducta, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala.
Rules can control the listener's behavior, yet few studies have examined variables that quantitatively determine the extent of this control relative to other rules and contingencies. To explore these variables, we employed a novel procedure that required a choice between rules. Participants clicked two buttons on a computer screen to earn points exchangeable for money.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Comput Neurosci
September 2025
School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) enables non-invasive modulation of brain activity, holding promise for cognitive research and clinical applications. However, it remains unclear how the spiking activity of cortical neurons is modulated by specific electric field (E-field) distributions. Here, we use a multi-scale computational framework that integrates an anatomically accurate head model with morphologically realistic neuron models to simulate the responses of layer 5 pyramidal cells (L5 PCs) to the E-fields generated by conventional M1-SO tACS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNaturwissenschaften
September 2025
Laboratório de Ecologia E Conservação de Invertebrados, LECIN, Departamento de Ecologia E Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, PO Box 3037, CEP 37.203-202, Lavras, MG, Brasil.
Fire is a key natural disturbance influencing physical, chemical, and biological processes in the Cerrado. Ash, a fire byproduct, may significantly influence soil macrofauna through its chemical properties. Dung beetles (Scarabaeinae), critical components of Cerrado soil macrofauna, provide key ecological functions and services.
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