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Old chemistry for novel materials: Self-fluorescent high-relaxivity T(2)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents are produced. They are a novel type of MR/optical dual-modality in vivo imaging nanoprobe using glutaraldehyde crosslinking chemistry, and they are used to label and monitor therapeutic cells both in vitro and in vivo.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201102361 | DOI Listing |
J Biomed Sci
September 2025
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Oncometabolites are aberrant metabolic byproducts that arise from mutations in enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or related metabolic pathways and play central roles in tumor progression and immune evasion. Among these, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), succinate, and fumarate are the most well-characterized, acting as competitive inhibitors of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases to alter DNA and histone methylation, cellular differentiation, and hypoxia signaling. More recently, itaconate, an immunometabolite predominantly produced by activated macrophages, has been recognized for its dual roles in modulating inflammation and tumor immunity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAAPS J
September 2025
Gene Transfer and Immunogenicity Branch, Division of Gene Therapy 2, Office of Gene Therapy, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, WO52 RM3124, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993-0002, USA.
As the field of gene therapy advances and as the importance of sex as a biological variable in shaping viral immune responses is recognized, the impact of sex on adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors mediated gene therapies remain largely unexplored. Here we review current understanding of the immune response against AAV gene therapy as well as the knowledge of sex differences observed in viral responses. We discuss sex differences in innate immune mechanisms such as Toll-like receptor recognition and complement activation, as well as the functional responses of key immune cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and T/B cells that are involved in AAV immunogenicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cancer Res Clin Oncol
September 2025
Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hohhot, 010030, Inner Mongolia, China.
Purpose: Lung cancer is currently the most common malignant tumor worldwide and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, posing a serious threat to human health. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and are involved in various biological processes associated with lung cancer. Understanding the mechanisms of lung carcinogenesis and detecting disease biomarkers may enable early diagnosis of lung cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Immunol Immunother
September 2025
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
Objective: CircRNAs are involved in cancer progression. However, their role in immune escape in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains poorly understood.
Methods: This study employed RIP-seq for the targeted enrichment of circRNAs, followed by Western blotting and RT-qPCR to confirm their expression.
Nat Biotechnol
September 2025
Key Laboratory of RNA Innovation, Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Targeted protein degraders hold potential as therapeutic agents to target conventionally 'undruggable' proteins. Here, we develop a high-throughput screen, DEath FUSion Escaper (DEFUSE), to identify small-molecule protein degraders. By conjugating the protein of interest to a fast-acting triggerable death protein, this approach translates target protein degradation into a cell survival phenotype to illustrate the presence of degraders.
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