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Xylem vessels are cells that develop a specifically ornamented secondary cell wall to ensure their vascular function, conferring both structural strength and impermeability. Further plasticity is given to these vascular cells by a range of different patterns described by their secondary cell walls that-as for the growth of all plant organs-are developmentally regulated. Microtubules and their associated proteins, named MAPs, are essential to define the shape, the orientation, the position and the overall pattern of these secondary cell walls. Key actors in this process are the land-plant specific MAP70 proteins which not only allow the secondary cell wall to be positioned at the cell cortex but also determine the overall pattern described by xylem vessel secondary cell walls.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/psb.6.6.15202 | DOI Listing |
JCI Insight
September 2025
Division of Nephrology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, United States of America.
Background: Active vitamin D metabolites, including 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), have potent immunomodulatory effects that attenuate acute kidney injury (AKI) in animal models.
Methods: We conducted a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, multiple-dose, 3-arm clinical trial comparing oral calcifediol (25D), calcitriol (1,25D), and placebo among 150 critically ill adult patients at high-risk of moderate-to-severe AKI. The primary endpoint was a hierarchical composite of death, kidney replacement therapy (KRT), and kidney injury (baseline-adjusted mean change in serum creatinine), each assessed within 7 days following enrollment using a rank-based procedure.
Infect Immun
September 2025
School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
Cell death mechanisms play a fundamental role in mycobacterial pathogenesis. We critically reviewed 94 research manuscripts, 44 review articles, and 4 book chapters to analyze important discoveries, background literature, and potential shortcomings in the field. The focus of this review is the pathogen (Mtb) and other Mtb and complex microorganisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cancer Res Clin Oncol
September 2025
Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Purpose: The German sector-based healthcare system poses a major challenge to continuous patient monitoring and long-term follow-up, both essential for generating high-quality, longitudinal real-world data. The national Network for Genomic Medicine (nNGM) bridges the inpatient and outpatient care sectors to provide comprehensive molecular diagnostics and personalized treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in Germany. Building on the established nNGM infrastructure, the DigiNet study aims to evaluate the impact of digitally integrated, personalized care on overall survival (OS) and the optimization of treatment pathways, compared to routine care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMinerva Dent Oral Sci
September 2025
Department of Dental Research Cell, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India.
The COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in India, continues to pose a major threat to public health owing to the large number of patients that remain affected. The second wave of COVID-19 has brought with it several opportunistic diseases caused by bacteria and fungi, including mucormycosis, which is a well-known fungal infection primarily encountered in immunocompromised individuals through inhalation. In recent times, mucormycosis has become increasingly common in COVID-19 patients, particularly those with comorbidities such as diabetes, and has been observed to induce secondary infections as it spreads with COVID-19 treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPain
August 2025
Centre for Multimodal Sensorimotor and Pain Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
The thermal grill, in which innocuous warm and cool stimuli are interlaced, can produce a paradoxical burning pain sensation-the thermal grill illusion (TGI). Although the mechanisms underlying TGI remain unclear, prominent theories point to spinal dorsal horn integration of innocuous thermal inputs to elicit pain. It remains unknown whether the TGI activates peripheral nociceptors, or solely thermosensitive afferents that are integrated within the spinal cord to give rise to a painful experience.
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