A multicenter study of the association of serum uric acid, serum creatinine, and diuretic use in hypertensive patients.

Background: Individuals with hypertension and hyperuricemia have an increased risk of coronary artery disease and cerebral vascular disease as compared to patients with normal uric acid levels. Our aim is to determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia in hypertensive patients in Taiwan, and whether serum uric acid (SUA) is associated with changes in renal function in patients with hypertension.

Methods: We studied 2145 hypertensive patients receiving medical treatment, assessed the prevalence of hyperuricemia, and determined the independent risk factors for SUA. Simple correlation and multiple regression analyses were applied to identify the independent risk factors for SUA increase. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between 4 quartiles of SUA level and correspondent serum creatinine (SCr) concentrations.

Results: Hypertensive subjects had a high prevalence of hyperuricemia (men, 35%; women, 43%). SUA was significantly associated with the independent risk factors of SCr, diuretic usage, and diabetes (inversely related) in both genders, whereas β-blocker usage and body mass index were only associated in men. Multiple logistic regression models showed that in the non-diuretic user group the highest SUA quartile entailed >4 times greater risk for SCr elevation than the lowest. In the diuretic user group, a >2 times greater risk was noted.

Conclusions: Hyperuricemia hypertensive subjects demonstrated a corresponding elevation of SUA and SCr irrespective of diuretic use. Elevation of SUA, in addition to SCr, may represent a progression of renal function impairment.