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This paper describes automatic actuator control hardware for an active ankle foot orthosis (AAFO) for a ruptured Achilles tendon. The sole of the AAFO is equipped with a servomotor. The actuator can switch the upright and the forward stepping posture of the patient. To control the actuator automatically during a gate cycle, 1: joint kinematics were analyzed that consisted of both stick pictures and EMG signals from the affected limb when the patient was walking on a treadmill. The cross-correlation coefficient between the ankle angle and the EMG signal of the lower limb (tibialis anterior) was small when the patient was wearing the AAFO. 2: An air pressure sensor and a film sensor were compared experimentally to measure the leg load. A prototype AAFO with automatic control was realized by using the leg load signal provided by an air pressure sensor to realize actuator control.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5333670 | DOI Listing |
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
September 2025
Department of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
Nanoionic devices, crucial for neuromorphic computing and ionically enabled functional actuators, are often kinetically limited. In bilayer configurations, experimentally deconvoluting ion transport within individual layers from the kinetics of transfer across solid-solid interfaces, however, remains a challenge, hindering rational device optimization. Here, we extend the dynamic current-voltage (-) technique to a PrCeO/LaCeCuO (PCO/LCCO) bilayer system, enabling the isolation and quantification of distinct ion transport processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
September 2025
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore.
Embodied intelligence in soft robotics offers unprecedented capabilities for operating in uncertain, confined, and fragile environments that challenge conventional technologies. However, achieving true embodied intelligence-which requires continuous environmental sensing, real-time control, and autonomous decision-making-faces challenges in energy management and system integration. We developed deformation-resilient flexible batteries with enhanced performance under magnetic fields inherently present in magnetically actuated soft robots, with capacity retention after 200 cycles improved from 31.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng
September 2025
Dynamic optimization is a versatile control tool to determine optimal control inputs in a redundantly actuated wearable robot. However, dynamic optimization requires high computational resources for real-time implementation. In this paper, we present a bio-inspired control approach, based on the principle of muscle synergies, to reduce the computational cost of optimization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFISA Trans
September 2025
School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University,1 Dongxiang Road, Chang'an District, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710129, PR China. Electronic address:
A novel practical predefined-time sliding mode control strategy is proposed for the flight formation of a small tandem-rotor wheeled UAV (TRW-UAV) with unknown upper bound external disturbances and uncertainties in this paper. Firstly, a new predefined-time sliding mode surface is proposed to guide all errors of the position and velocity loops to converge to the origin in a predefined-time. Furthermore, a dynamic surface control approach is utilized to circumvent the higher-order differentiation when controlling the actuator loop.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Asian J
September 2025
School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Aggregate Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, China.
Organic high-temperature photothermal materials (T > 100 °C) have demonstrated significant application values because of their ability to exceed the temperature limits of traditional organic photothermal materials, enabling spatiotemporally controllable long-distance heating and high-temperature conversion of laser or sunlight. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in organic high-temperature photothermal materials, mainly including organic small molecule and polymer materials. Their photothermal conversion mechanisms and the factors influencing their performance as well as their applications, including photo controlled ignition/deflagration, photothermal induced actuators, photo controlled metal processing, and concentrated sunlight energy conversion were elaborated.
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