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Each case of infectious disease can be considered the consequence of an unexpected event which started an infection chain. Every infectious case is therefore a potential source of epidemic, resulting from the total of the epidemic potential of each individual variable involved in the pathology spreading process. This article identifies the main variables involved in the spreading of infectious diseases in communities, and it develops a method which gives importance to each one of them based on the main control measures available to Public Health operators. From this comes the proposition of valid instructions necessary to develop a triage method which controls infectious and spreading diseases, to identify the ones which need intervention priority within a continuous surveillance and control system.
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FEMS Microbiol Rev
September 2025
CIISA - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
African Swine Fever (ASF), caused by the highly contagious African swine fever virus (ASFV), poses a significant threat to domestic and wild pigs worldwide. Despite its limited host range and lack of zoonotic potential, ASF has severe socio-economic and environmental consequences. Current control strategies primarily rely on early detection and culling of infected animals, but these measures are insufficient given the rapid spread of the disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Med Sci
September 2025
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) Escherichia coli in poultry farming is a growing global public health concern, particularly in Bangladesh, where the use of antibiotics remains largely unregulated. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and AMR patterns of E. coli isolated from broiler chickens in Sylhet district of Bangladesh and to investigate the network of coexisting resistance traits among the isolates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)
September 2025
Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452 P.O. Box 6666, Saudi Arabia.
Foodborne illnesses pose a significant public health threat globally, particularly in Saudi Arabia, where the rapid growth of the food service sector has increased the risk of exposure to multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Traditional microbiological methods are often time-consuming and may lack precision, highlighting the need for faster and more accurate diagnostic alternatives. In this study, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was employed for the rapid and precise identification of bacterial contaminants in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, alongside an assessment of their antibiotic resistance profiles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Emerg Nurs J
September 2025
Author Affiliations: San Diego State University School of Nursing, San Diego, California.
Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) and, subsequently, acquired immune deficiency syndrome emphasize the significance of prevention and treatment, especially among vulnerable populations. Some subgroups of the LGBTQIA+ community, namely men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender individuals, can be disproportionately affected by this disease. As the health care community recognizes this health concern, post-exposure prophylaxis has become important in preventing HIV spread.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChaos
September 2025
Department of Mathematics, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, India.
Biological models are important in describing species interaction, disease spread, and environmental processes. One key aspect in improving the predictive capability of these models is deciding which parametrization is used to formulate the mathematical model. Considering two distinct functions with similar shapes and the same qualitative properties in a model can lead to markedly different model predictions.
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