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In three experiments, we investigated the effects of word concreteness and encoding instructions on context-dependent discrimination in verbal contexts, using Murnane, Phelps, and Malmberg's (1999) ICE (item, context, ensemble) theory as the framework Word concreteness was manipulated within participants, and encoding was manipulated between participants. It was hypothesized that the magnitude of context-dependent discrimination would be affected by both concreteness and encoding instructions. Imagery instructions resulted in context-dependent discrimination for both concrete and abstract word pairs across all the experiments. Context-dependent discrimination was observed under rote instructions for concrete and abstract words, particularly when the same context word was paired multiple times with the targets. The results indicated that context-dependent discrimination is not dependent solely on the use of interactive imagery instructions or on word concreteness.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03193245 | DOI Listing |
Addict Biol
September 2025
College Park, Hatfield, England.
Chronic nicotine administration leads to neuroadaptations, an important process in nicotine and tobacco dependence for which treatments are limited. The cysteine pro-drug, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), is a promising glutamatergic agent that has shown some clinical efficacy in reducing nicotine use in humans. The purpose of this study was to examine NAC in two rodent models of nicotine dependence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Psychol Psychother
August 2025
School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Grief rumination, characterised by repetitive thinking about the loss and its causes and consequences, is linked to various psychopathological symptoms, including prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Traditional assessments of grief rumination rely on trait self-report questionnaires assessing multiple types of rumination (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Internet Res
July 2025
Division of Social and Behavioural Health Sciences, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Background: Dating apps are virtual sociosexual networking platforms that facilitate varying social and sexual relationships and have considerably changed the way that many queer individuals form social, sexual, and romantic connections. Despite evidence that social media use can be associated with either diminished or improved mental health, few studies have explored the association between dating apps and mental health among queer adults.
Objective: Using reparative theory and a transformative paradigm, this research sought to critically explore the association between dating apps and mental health among queer adults in Canada.
Sci Rep
July 2025
Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Ethology, UR4443, University Sorbonne Paris Nord, 99 avenue J.-B. Clément, Villetaneuse, France.
Animals use learning and memory to recognise cues that predict rewards or punishments, allowing flexible decision-making. When facing new stimuli, they often generalise - responding similarly to different but related cues - enabling adaptive behaviour despite natural variation. Pheromones, chemical signals central to social interactions, are known to affect learning and memory, but their role in generalisation is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
June 2025
General Surgery, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, PAK.
This systematic review evaluates and compares the predictive accuracy of three commonly used surgical risk scoring systems in the context of major abdominal surgeries: American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM), including its variants, and American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) calculator. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, identifying 10 eligible studies that assessed these models in various surgical settings, including elective colorectal resections, emergency laparotomies, and IBD-related procedures. The findings revealed that NSQIP-based models, especially those incorporating frailty indices, demonstrated better calibration and discrimination in elective surgeries.
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