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Objective: The objectives of this study were to review the use of oral sucrose for procedural pain management in NICUs, develop potentially better practice guidelines that are based on the best current evidence, and provide ideas for the implementation of these potentially better practices.
Methods: A collaboration of 12 centers of the Vermont Oxford Network worked together to review the strength of the evidence, clinical indications, dosage, administration, and contraindications and identify potential adverse effects for the use of sucrose analgesia as the basis of potentially better practices for sucrose analgesia guidelines. Several units implemented the guidelines.
Results: Through reviews and inputs from all centers of the evidence, consensus was reached and guidelines that included indication, dosage per painful procedure, age-related dosage over 24 hours, method of delivery, and contraindications were developed.
Conclusions: Guidelines now are available from a consensus group, and suggestions for implementation of guidelines, based on implementation of other pain management strategies, were developed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0913R | DOI Listing |
J Vis Exp
July 2025
Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University;Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University;NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University;
Despite females accounting for the majority of individuals suffering from psychiatric disorders, preclinical studies have almost exclusively focused on male subjects, partly due to the lack of ideal female animal paradigms. Developing effective models for studying psychiatric disorders in female animals remains a long-standing scientific challenge in the life sciences. A "Multiple Integrated Social Stress (MISS) model" in C57BL/6J female mice was recently established by simulating and integrating social risk factors that contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pain
August 2025
Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Plastic Surgery, 1155 N. Mayfair Rd. Suite T2600, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, USA. Electronic address:
Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) has been used clinically to reduce pain in amputees, but its underlying analgesic mechanisms remain unclear. We developed a rat below-knee amputation model to evaluate pain outcomes following immediate TMR (iTMR) in both male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were randomized to amputation-only or amputation with iTMR, and assessed for reflexive pain behaviors (von Frey, pin, and cold hypersensitivity) and spontaneous pain behaviors (guarding, flinching, and sucrose preference as a measure of anhedonia).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
June 2025
Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the mechanisms of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute inflammatory depression model in rats, focusing on the regulation of peripheral pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the effects on the NF-κB signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortex.
Methods: A depressive-like behavior model was established via intraperitoneal injection of LPS, and rats were randomly assigned to a normal group, a model group, and a taVNS intervention group. Behavioral assessments included the sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), and elevated plus maze test (EPM) to evaluate depressive-like behaviors.
Neurochem Res
April 2025
Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
Chronic inflammatory pain and depression are highly comorbid, with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated ferroptosis in hippocampal neurons strongly associated with the onset and progression of the comorbidity. Electroacupuncture (EA), widely used to treat pain and mood disorders, may ameliorate chronic inflammatory pain and depression comorbidity (CIPDC) by inhibiting Nrf2-mediated ferroptosis in hippocampal neurons, though its mechanism of action remains partially understood. In this study, we established the CIPDC model by administering a subcutaneous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the left hind paw.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJAMA Netw Open
April 2025
Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Importance: In the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), neonates born very preterm (<33 weeks' gestation) are exposed to great numbers of painful procedures, which is associated with more internalizing (anxiety and depressive) behaviors later in childhood. Oral sucrose is commonly used in NICUs to treat acute procedural pain and is effective in reducing behavioral responses, but the long-term associations between oral sucrose and child behaviors have not yet been examined.
Objective: To examine associations between cumulative neonatal pain and sucrose exposure in early life (prior to approximately 32 weeks postmenstrual age), in relation to child behaviors (internalizing and externalizing) at 18 months corrected age (CA) in children born very preterm and to examine whether the associations are sex specific.