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Photosynthetic capacity is reduced by warming but unaffected by elevated CO2 in seedlings of five boreal tree species.
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Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations fuel global warming, with boreal regions warming at a faster rate than many other areas. Boreal forests are an important component of the global carbon cycle, yet we have little data on photosynthetic responses of boreal trees to elevated CO2 (EC) and warming. We grew seedlings of five widespread North American boreal tree species (from Betula, Larix, Picea, and Pinus) under current (410 ppm) or elevated (750 ppm) CO2 and either ambient (+0 °C) or increased (+4 °C or +8 °C) temperature, then measured photosynthetic traits over a range of leaf temperatures.
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School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
The rapid increase in the volume and variety of terrestrial biosphere observations (i.e., remote sensing data and in situ measurements) offers a unique opportunity to derive ecological insights, refine process-based models, and improve forecasting for decision support.
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Polylepis reticulata is a vulnerable Andean páramo endemic tree species that grows at the highest altitude in the world. Despite having abundant available water year-round, P. reticulata trees face extreme environmental conditions, namely low temperatures and frequent persistent clouds and fog, which create extremes of solar irradiance.
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Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is central to global CO fixation. In eukaryotic algae, its catalytic efficiency is enhanced through the pyrenoid - a protein-dense organelle within the chloroplast that concentrates CO. Although Rubisco structure has been extensively studied in vitro, its native structure, dynamics and interactions within the pyrenoid remain elusive.
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Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Cologne 50674, Germany.
C4 photosynthesis concentrates CO2 around Rubisco, thereby decreasing photorespiration and leading to greater productivity. C4 photosynthesis evolved several times independently in different plant families including monocots and dicots. Besides changes in carbon fixation, C4 plants have also evolved several alterations in nitrogen and sulfur nutrition, leading to better nitrogen use efficiency.
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