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Spatial and temporal characteristics of airborne dust over Asia during springs of 2000, 2001 and 2002 were simulated with a mineral dust entrainment and deposition model (DEAD) embedded in a global model of atmospheric transport and chemistry (MATCH) using the real-time meteorological data as forcing fields. The results show a good agreement of the pattern of model-simulated atmospheric dust concentration with the distribution of surface-observed spring dust storm frequency and a significant correlation between the simulated dust aerosol optical depth (DAOD) and satellite-observed aerosol index (AI). These results validate applicability of the integrated model in simulating dust entrainment, transportation and deposition and describing spatial and temporal characteristics of dust loading over the Asian continent. In addition, an attempt was made to explore possible paths of dust transportation by use of correlation analyses between the simulated dust emission flux (DEF) and DAOD.
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Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci
September 2025
School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE1 7RU, UK.
Chemotaxis allows swimming bacteria to navigate through chemical landscapes. To date, continuum models of chemotactic populations (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurosci
September 2025
Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States,
In the hippocampal formation, cholinergic modulation from the medial septum/diagonal band of Broca (MSDB) is known to correlate with the speed of an animal's movements at sub-second timescales and also supports spatial memory formation. Yet, the extent to which sub-second cholinergic dynamics, if at all, align with transient behavioral and cognitive states supporting the encoding of novel spatial information remains unknown. In this study, we used fiber photometry to record the temporal dynamics in the population activity of septo-hippocampal cholinergic neurons at sub-second resolution during a hippocampus-dependent object location memory task using ChAT-Cre mice of both sexes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Anat
September 2025
Department of Biological Sciences (Anthropology), Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
The uniqueness of human brain growth and development has been considered promising for its contribution to understanding the origins of the unique human cognitive abilities. Compared with that of chimpanzees, the human endocranium undergoes several characteristic shape changes immediately after birth, which has been termed "endocranial globularization." However, how the brain structures and surrounding neurocranium interact with each other during early development in the context of brain-neurocranium integration remains to be investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Safety Res
September 2025
Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, USA.
Background: Graduated Driver's Licensing (GDL) policies create an intermediate licensure phase for young novice drivers, and previous studies suggested that they reduce teen motor- vehicle crashes (MVCs). Multiple studies have shown that the effects of GDL laws vary in association with demographic factors and location, motivating estimation of sub-state policy effects. The present study estimates county-level effects of Ohio's 2007 enhanced GDL law on MVCs among 16-17-year-olds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurobiol Dis
September 2025
Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Electronic address:
The effect of recurrent seizures on the gradual deterioration of the white matter structural network and the potential molecular mechanisms that underlie the baseline and longitudinal changes in network topology in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) remain unclear. Therefore, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans and neuropsychiatric assessments for 28 patients with unilateral TLE at baseline and follow-up, and for 28 healthy controls (HC). The topological properties of the structural network were calculated using graph theoretical analyses.
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