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Psychological stressors have a prominent effect on rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) in humans and animals. We hypothesized that the stress-related neurochemical corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), acting in the amygdala, could initiate neural events that lead to REMS alterations. Therefore, we made bilateral microinjections of three different doses of CRF into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in five rats. Only the lowest dose of CRF (1 ng) induced a change in sleep, specifically REMS, during the 4-h post-injection period. Thus, REMS alterations following psychological stress may depend, in part, on CRF release in the CeA.
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Eur J Neurosci
September 2025
Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
Pelvic visceromotor functions such as micturition are regulated by coordinated autonomic and somatic motor pathways from the central nervous system. The parasympathetic system induces detrusor muscle contraction while the somatic system facilitates relaxation of the external urethral sphincter, ensuring synchronized and efficient bladder emptying during the voiding process. This study explores the relationship between Barrington's nucleus corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-ergic projections and the formation of perineural nets (PNNs) among spinal motoneurons, particularly parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus (IML) and Onuf's nucleus during the maturation of the neural circuitry controlling pelvic visceromotor functions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Skin Cancer
August 2025
Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) regulates immunological and cellular processes. Recently, CRH is expressed in skin cancers, where its expression appears to correlate with the degree of malignancy. This study correlates CRH expression in melanoma metastases with patient survival and compares the intensity of CRH expression in melanoma to that in less aggressive skin cancer entities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndian J Endocrinol Metab
August 2025
Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Introduction: Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)/corticotropin-releasing hormone production by tumours causes 5-10% of Cushing's syndrome cases. We present a 21-patient case series with ectopic Cushing's syndrome (ECS) from a tertiary care institute in India.
Methods: Data were collected retrospectively for patients from 1984 to 2004 and prospectively thereafter till 2019.
Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations are one established cause of isolated dystonia and hyposmia. Homozygous mutations have been reported in siblings with generalized dystonia and intellectual disability. encodes major [NM_001369387.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Neurosci
August 2025
The School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Increasing evidence suggests that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) contributes to the pathogenesis of depression. Although numerous studies have emphasized the role of hippocampal glutamatergic transmission and dendritic spine abnormalities in ATRA-induced depression, it remains unclear whether changes in hypothalamic glutamatergic transmission and dendritic spine density also contribute to its development. This study investigates the effects of ATRA treatment on glutamate receptor expression and dendritic spine density in the hypothalamus of rats.
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