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Careful consideration of the differential diagnosis of discordant thyroid function tests (TFTs) is fundamental to prevent mismanagement, waste of resources, uncover rare thyroid disorders, or other underlying critical conditions in patients referred for the evaluation of this issue. Here, we describe the frequency of underlying diagnoses and focus on cases in which the identification of analytical interferences led to the discovery of lymphoproliferative disorders. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study including all consecutive patients referred to the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, for suspected central hyperthyroidism between January 2017 and February 2025.
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