Variable Diagnoses in Cases Referred for Discordant Thyroid Function Tests: Focus on Lymphoproliferative Disorders.

Careful consideration of the differential diagnosis of discordant thyroid function tests (TFTs) is fundamental to prevent mismanagement, waste of resources, uncover rare thyroid disorders, or other underlying critical conditions in patients referred for the evaluation of this issue. Here, we describe the frequency of underlying diagnoses and focus on cases in which the identification of analytical interferences led to the discovery of lymphoproliferative disorders. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study including all consecutive patients referred to the Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, for suspected central hyperthyroidism between January 2017 and February 2025.

Lifestyle Interventions to Tackle Cardiovascular Risk in Thyroid Hormone Signaling Disorders.

Thyroid hormones (THs) play a central role in cardiovascular and metabolic regulation, influencing lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity and resting energy expenditure. Inherited disorders of impaired sensitivity to THs-including resistance to thyroid hormone alpha (RTHα) and beta (RTHβ), monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) deficiency and selenoprotein deficiency-lead to complex, multisystemic clinical features. Although these conditions are rare, with RTHβ being the most common and affecting about 1 in 20,000 newborns, they share clinical features with more prevalent thyroid disorders, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, as well as neurological manifestations including muscle wasting and spasticity.

Application of palliative care in demented patients: the caregivers' point of view.

Background: The 38/2010 law has widened the supply of palliative care for patients with chronic and degenerative illness. Dementia is a chronic and debilitating illness and it requires specific, complex and constant assistance, involving the health professionals' community and family, and should also benefit from palliative care. But what do the caregivers of these patients think about it?

Aim: To explore the point of view of caregivers accompanying dementia patients regarding palliative care and the accompaniment of the medical team.