Individual differences in emotion prediction and implications for social success.

The social world requires people to predict others' thoughts, feelings, and actions. People who successfully predict others' emotions experience significant social advantages. What makes a person good at predicting emotions? To predict others' future emotional states, a person must know how one emotion transitions to the next.

Hypoxia inhibits HUNK kinase activity to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Hypoxia is a common hallmark of cancer and plays a crucial role in promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Hormonally Upregulated Neu-associated Kinase (HUNK) regulates EMT through its kinase activity. However, whether hypoxia is involved in HUNK-mediated EMT is incompletely understood.

Phase-shifting the circadian glucocorticoid profile induces disordered feeding behaviour by dysregulating hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression.

Here we demonstrate, in rodents, how the timing of feeding behaviour becomes disordered when circulating glucocorticoid rhythms are dissociated from lighting cues; a phenomenon most commonly associated with shift-work and transmeridian travel 'jetlag'. Adrenalectomized rats are infused with physiological patterns of corticosterone modelled on the endogenous adrenal secretory profile, either in-phase or out-of-phase with lighting cues. For the in-phase group, food intake is significantly greater during the rats' active period compared to their inactive period; a feeding pattern similar to adrenal-intact control rats.

Egocentric Projection is a Rational Strategy for Accurate Emotion Prediction.

People need to accurately understand and predict others' emotions in order to build and maintain meaningful social connections. However, when they encounter new social partners, people often do not have enough information about them to make accurate inferences. Rather, they often resort to an egocentric heuristic, and make predictions about a target by using their own self-knowledge as a proxy.

Quantity and location of aortic valve calcification predicts paravalvular leakage after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is the first-line treatment for patients with moderate-to-high surgical risk of severe aortic stenosis. Paravalvular leakage (PVL) is a serious complication of TAVR, and aortic valve calcification contributes to the occurrence of PVL. This study aimed to investigate the effect of location and quantity of calcification in the aortic valve complex (AVC) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) on PVL after TAVR.

Single-pixel imaging with high spectral and spatial resolution.

It has long been a challenge to obtain high spectral and spatial resolution simultaneously for the field of measurement and detection. Here we present a measurement system based on single-pixel imaging with compressive sensing that can realize excellent spectral and spatial resolution at the same time, as well as data compression. Our method can achieve high spectral and spatial resolution, which is different from the mutually restrictive relationship between the two in traditional imaging.

Image-free real-time target tracking by single-pixel detection.

Image-based target tracking methods rely on continuous image acquisition and post-processing, which will result in low tracking efficiency. To realize real-time tracking of fast moving objects, we propose an image-free target tracking scheme based on the discrete cosine transform and single-pixel detection. Our method avoids calculating all the phase values, so the number of samples can be greatly reduced.

Flame retardant and smoke-suppressant rigid polyurethane foam based on sodium alginate and aluminum diethylphosphite.

In order to improve the flame-retardant effect and thermal behaviour of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF), the flame retardancy of sodium alginate (SA), aluminium diethyl phosphite (ADPO) and expandable graphite (EG) were proposed. First, the structures of RPUF with or without flame retardancy were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the combustion behaviours and thermal performance of the flame-retardant polyurethane were evaluated through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests, and UL-94 tests.

Activation and expression of endogenous CREB-regulated transcription coactivators (CRTC) 1, 2 and 3 in the rat adrenal gland.

The activation and nuclear translocation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator (CRTC)2 occurs in the rat adrenal gland, in response to adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and stressors, and has been implicated in the transcriptional regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). We have recently demonstrated the activation of CRTC isoforms, CRTC1 and CRTC3, in adrenocortical cell lines. In the present study, we aimed to determine the activation and expression of the three CRTC isoforms in vivo in relation to Star transcription, under basal conditions and following a robust endotoxic stress challenge.

Accurate emotion prediction in dyads and groups and its potential social benefits.

Emotion dynamics vary considerably from individual to individual and from group to group. Successful social interactions require people to track this moving target in order to anticipate the thoughts, feelings, and actions of others. In two studies, we test whether people track others' emotional idiosyncrasies to make accurate, target-specific emotion predictions.

Successful simulation requires bridging levels of abstraction.

Although many simulations draw upon only one level of abstraction, the process for generating rich simulations requires a dynamic interplay between abstract and concrete knowledge. A complete model of simulation must account for a mind and brain that can bridge the perceptual with the conceptual, the episodic with the semantic, and the concrete with the abstract.

Prolonged treatment with the synthetic glucocorticoid methylprednisolone affects adrenal steroidogenic function and response to inflammatory stress in the rat.

Synthetic glucocorticoids are widely prescribed for the treatment of numerous inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and they can also affect the way the adrenal gland produces endogenous glucocorticoids. Indeed, patients undergoing synthetic glucocorticoid treatment can develop adrenal insufficiency, a condition characterised by reduced responsiveness of the adrenal to ACTH stimulation or stressors (e.g.

Involvement of CREB-regulated transcription coactivators (CRTC) in transcriptional activation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (Star) by ACTH.

Studies in vivo have suggested the involvement of CREB-regulated transcription coactivator (CRTC)2 on ACTH-induced transcription of the key steroidogenic protein, Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (StAR). The present study uses two ACTH-responsive adrenocortical cell lines, to examine the role of CRTC on Star transcription. Here we show that ACTH-induced Star primary transcript, or heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA), parallels rapid increases in nuclear levels of the 3 isoforms of CRTC; CRTC1, CRTC2 and CRTC3.

Simulating other people changes the self.

The self is not static. Our identities change considerably over development and across situations. Here, we propose one novel cause of self-change: simulating others.

Fabrication of step-by-step drug release system both sensitive to magnetic field and temperature based on layered double hydroxides and PNIPAM.

Fabrication of environmental sensitive and controllable drug release systems is urgently needed. In this paper, thermosensitive and magnetic response drug release systems were fabricated via layer-by-layer technique using acetylsalicylic acid (AA) intercalated ZnAl-LDH as core, poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and AA micelles as well as small size ZnAl-LDH sheets as building blocks of the shell. By forming anionic micelles, cationic PNIPAM macromolecules were sandwiched in the LDH sheets with cationic charges which provided a novel way of fabrication of drug release systems.

Dynamic responses of the adrenal steroidogenic regulatory network.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a dynamic system regulating glucocorticoid hormone synthesis in the adrenal glands. Many key factors within the adrenal steroidogenic pathway have been identified and studied, but little is known about how these factors function collectively as a dynamic network of interacting components. To investigate this, we developed a mathematical model of the adrenal steroidogenic regulatory network that accounts for key regulatory processes occurring at different timescales.

Emotion regulation of fear and disgust: differential effects of reappraisal and suppression.

Although excessive fear has been central to traditional conceptualisations of the anxiety disorders, recent research suggests that disgust may also play a role in the development of some anxiety disorders. While dysregulation of emotion may confer risk for the development of anxiety disorders, it remains unclear if there are differences in the extent to which fear and disgust can be effectively regulated. To fill this important gap in the literature, unselected participants (N = 95) experienced fear or disgust via video exposure, and they were instructed to employ either reappraisal or suppression to regulate their emotional experience while viewing the videos.

Dynamic pituitary-adrenal interactions in response to cardiac surgery.

Objectives: To characterize the dynamics of the pituitary-adrenal interaction during the course of coronary artery bypass grafting both on and off pump. Since our data pointed to a major change in adrenal responsiveness to adrenocorticotropic hormone, we used a reverse translation approach to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this change in a rat model of critical illness.

Clinical Studies: Prospective observational study.

Constant light disrupts the circadian rhythm of steroidogenic proteins in the rat adrenal gland.

The circadian rhythm of corticosterone (CORT) secretion from the adrenal cortex is regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is entrained to the light-dark cycle. Since the circadian CORT rhythm is associated with circadian expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein, we investigated the 24h pattern of hormonal secretion (ACTH and CORT), steroidogenic gene expression (StAR, SF-1, DAX1 and Nurr77) and the expression of genes involved in ACTH signalling (MC2R and MRAP) in rats entrained to a normal light-dark cycle. We found that circadian changes in ACTH and CORT were associated with the circadian expression of all gene targets; with SF-1, Nurr77 and MRAP peaking in the evening, and DAX1 and MC2R peaking in the morning.

The origin of glucocorticoid hormone oscillations.

Oscillating levels of adrenal glucocorticoid hormones are essential for optimal gene expression, and for maintaining physiological and behavioural responsiveness to stress. The biological basis for these oscillations is not known, but a neuronal "pulse generator" within the hypothalamus has remained a popular hypothesis. We demonstrate that pulsatile hypothalamic activity is not required for generating ultradian glucocorticoid oscillations.