Potential roles of hydroxybenzoate paralytic shellfish toxins in modulating toxin biokinetics in scallops.

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) produced by some marine dinoflagellates can cause severe human intoxication via vectors like bivalves. Toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum produce a novel group of hydroxybenzoate PSTs named GC toxins, but their biokinetics in bivalves haven't been well examined. In this experiment, we analyzed PSTs in bay scallops Argopecten irradians exposed to G.

An investigation on bloom dynamics of Alexandrium catenella and A. pacificum and toxin accumulation in shellfish along the coast of Qinhuangdao, China.

The dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium comprises most of the toxic bloom-forming species producing paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in the sea. Recently, repeated paralytic shellfish poisoning episodes have been recorded in Qinhuangdao located at the west coast of the Bohai Sea. To elucidate the relationship between toxic Alexandrium blooms and the poisoning episodes, a year-round investigation was carried out in this region from July 2020 to July 2021.

Toxin production of dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum isolated from the East China Sea.

Dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum is an important producer of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), including a novel group of hydroxybenzoate derivatives named GC toxins. In the East China Sea, G. catenatum has been considered as the causative agent for several paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) episodes, yet the knowledge on their toxin production was still quite limited.

The dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella producing only carbamate toxins may account for the seafood poisonings in Qinhuangdao, China.

An outbreak of paralytic shellfish poisoning, recorded in April 2016 in Qinhuangdao China, was suspected to be caused by a toxic species in genus Alexandrium. Shortly after the poisoning outbreak, shellfish and net-concentrated phytoplankton samples were collected from the Bohai Sea, and analysed using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection. Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) were detected in both phytoplankton and shellfish samples, with similar toxin profiles dominated by carbamate toxins.

Spatiotemporal variation of paralytic shellfish toxins in the sea area adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary.

The Changjiang (Yangtze River) River estuary (CRE) and its adjacent coastal waters is a notable region for nutrient pollution, which results in severe problems of coastal eutrophication and harmful algal blooms (HABs). The occurrence of HABs, particularly those of dinoflagellate Alexandrium spp. capable of producing paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), has an increasing risk of contaminating seafood and poisoning human-beings.